Understanding the Link Between HPV and Cancer in Both Genders

Human Papillomavirus, or HPV, is a common sexually transmitted infection that affects both men and women. While most cases of HPV do not cause serious health problems and resolve on their own, certain types of HPV can lead to cancer.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HPV is responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer and is also linked to other types of cancer, including anal, penile, vaginal, vulvar, and oropharyngeal cancer. In this article, we will explore the link between HPV and cancer in both genders and why prevention and vaccination are crucial for maintaining good health and reducing the risk of cancer.

HPV is a group of more than 200 related viruses, each with a unique number or type. Most types of HPV are harmless, cause no symptoms, and go away on their own within two years.

However, some types of HPV can cause abnormal changes to cells in the body that can lead to cancer. HPV is spread through skin-to-skin contact, usually during sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.

It can also be spread through non-sexual means, such as touching an infected area and then touching a non-infected area, but this is less common.

How does HPV cause cancer?

HPV causes cancer by infecting the cells of the body and changing how they function. When HPV infects cells in the genital area, it can cause abnormal cell growth that can lead to cancer.

HPV can also infect cells in the throat and mouth, leading to oropharyngeal cancer. In both cases, the risk of cancer is higher if the HPV infection persists over time.

The symptoms of HPV-related cancer depend on the type of cancer, but can include:.

Cervical cancer: abnormal vaginal bleeding, discharge, or pain during sex
Anal cancer: anal bleeding, pain, or itching; discharge from the anus; changes in bowel habits
Penile cancer: changes in the skin of the penis, such as thickening, color changes, or lumps
Vaginal or vulvar cancer: vaginal bleeding, discharge, or pain during sex; changes in the skin of the vulva, such as itching, burning, or bumps
Oropharyngeal cancer: sore throat, difficulty swallowing, ear pain, or a lump in the neck

It is important to note that many of these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, and having these symptoms does not necessarily mean you have cancer.

However, if you are experiencing any of these symptoms, you should see a healthcare provider for an evaluation.

Preventing HPV-related cancer involves reducing the risk of HPV infection and detecting and treating any abnormal cell changes early. Here are some ways to prevent HPV-related cancer:.

Get vaccinated: The HPV vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls starting at age 11 or 12, before they become sexually active. The vaccine can protect against the types of HPV that are most likely to cause cancer, and it is most effective when given before an individual becomes exposed to HPV. The vaccine can also be given to adults up to age 45, but it is less effective at preventing cancer in this age group.
Practice safe sex: Using condoms during vaginal, anal, or oral sex can reduce the risk of HPV infection, but they do not provide complete protection because HPV can be spread through skin-to-skin contact.
Get screened regularly: Women should get regular cervical cancer screenings starting at age 21 and continuing until age 65. Depending on their age and other factors, they can choose between a Pap test every three years or a Pap test plus HPV test every five years. Men and women who are at increased risk for anal cancer may also be screened with an anal Pap test.
Quit smoking: Smoking increases the risk of HPV-related cancer, so quitting smoking can help reduce the risk of these cancers.

Conclusion

HPV is a common virus that can lead to cancer in both men and women. While most cases of HPV do not cause serious health problems and resolve on their own, certain types of HPV can lead to cancer.

It is important to prevent HPV-related cancer by getting vaccinated, practicing safe sex, and getting screened regularly. If you are experiencing any symptoms of HPV-related cancer, you should see a healthcare provider for an evaluation. By taking steps to prevent and detect HPV-related cancer early, you can help protect your health and reduce the risk of cancer.