Toxoplasma is a parasitic infection that can cause severe health problems in humans and animals.

The disease is caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii, which is usually acquired through the consumption of contaminated meat or exposure to infected cat feces. It is estimated that more than 30% of the global human population has been infected with this parasite at some point in their lives.

Symptoms

In many cases, toxoplasmosis infection does not cause any symptoms, and the person may not even be aware that they have been infected. However, in some cases, the following symptoms may occur:.

Flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, and muscle aches
Enlargement of the lymph nodes
Sore throat
Rash
Eye infections
Seizures
Confusion

Although toxoplasmosis rarely causes serious problems in healthy people, it can be life-threatening in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer.

Pregnant women who become infected with the parasite may also pass the infection to their unborn child, which can result in serious birth defects.

Prevention

The best way to prevent toxoplasmosis infection is to avoid exposure to the parasite. Here are some tips to reduce your risk of infection:.

Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling raw meat and before eating
Use separate cutting boards and utensils for raw meat and other foods
Cook meat to a safe temperature to kill the parasite (at least 160°F for beef and pork)
Avoid drinking untreated water, especially from rivers and streams
Wear gloves while gardening or handling soil, and wash your hands afterwards
Keep cats indoors and feed them only cooked or canned food to avoid exposure to contaminated rodents and birds
Avoid cleaning cat litter boxes if possible, or wear gloves and wash your hands thoroughly afterwards

If you are pregnant or have a weakened immune system, you should take extra precautions to prevent infection. Talk to your healthcare provider about additional steps you can take to protect yourself.

Management

In many cases, toxoplasmosis infection does not require treatment as the symptoms resolve on their own. However, if you have a weakened immune system or are pregnant, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to reduce the risk of complications.

Antimalarial drugs may also be used to treat toxoplasmosis, particularly in severely ill patients or those with brain or eye infections. However, these drugs can have significant side effects and should only be used under close medical supervision.

If you are diagnosed with toxoplasmosis, it is important to take steps to prevent further transmission of the parasite.

This includes avoiding the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, washing your hands frequently, and avoiding contact with cat feces.