Varicocele is a condition where the veins in the scrotum become enlarged and swollen. It is most commonly found in men aged between 15 and 30 years of age. The condition can affect one or both testicles and is usually harmless.

However, in some cases, it can lead to fertility problems. Here we will discuss the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for varicocele.

Symptoms of Varicocele

The most common symptom of varicocele is a lump or swelling in the scrotum. This lump can be felt or seen and may be more noticeable when standing up or bearing down. Other symptoms may include:.

Heaviness or aching in the scrotum
Pain or discomfort in the testicles
Infertility or difficulty fathering children
Decreased testicle size or shrinkage on one side

Causes of Varicocele

The exact cause of varicocele is unknown, but it is thought to be related to the valves within the veins that help to regulate blood flow.

If the valves do not work properly, blood can flow backwards and collect in the veins, causing them to become swollen and enlarged. Varicocele is more common on the left side of the scrotum, possibly due to differences in blood flow and anatomy. Other factors that may increase the risk of developing varicocele include:.

A family history of varicocele
An injury to the scrotum or testicles
Heavy lifting or straining
A sedentary lifestyle or lack of physical activity
Obesity or being overweight

Diagnosis of Varicocele

Diagnosing varicocele usually involves a physical examination of the scrotum and testicles. Your doctor may ask you to stand up, bear down, or cough to help them identify any swelling or lumps.

They may also perform a ultrasound or Doppler test to visualize the veins in the scrotum and confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of Varicocele

Most cases of varicocele do not require treatment, especially if there are no significant symptoms or fertility problems.

However, if the condition is causing discomfort or affecting your ability to father children, there are several treatment options available:.

Surgery – this involves tying off or removing the affected veins to redirect blood flow and reduce swelling. This is usually done as an outpatient procedure and recovery time is typically 1-2 weeks.
Embolization – this is a minimally invasive procedure where a small catheter is inserted into the veins and a synthetic substance is injected to block blood flow to the affected veins. This is usually done as an outpatient procedure and recovery time is typically 1-2 days.
Observation – if the varicocele is not causing significant symptoms or fertility problems, your doctor may recommend monitoring the condition over time and reassessing if necessary.

Prevention of Varicocele

Since the exact cause of varicocele is unknown, there are no surefire ways to prevent the condition from occurring. However, there are several things you can do to help reduce your risk:.