West Nile virus is a viral infection that spreads through mosquito bites. The virus is named after West Nile district in Uganda, where the virus was first identified in 1937.
In the United States, West Nile virus cases occur primarily in the summer and fall. Understanding the symptoms of West Nile virus is crucial to getting proper medical treatment.
What Causes West Nile Virus?
West Nile virus is caused by the West Nile virus, which belongs to the Flaviviridae family. The virus is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites. Mosquitoes become infected with the virus by biting infected birds.
When the infected mosquito bites a human, the virus is transmitted to the person.
What are the Symptoms of West Nile Virus?
A majority of people who are infected with West Nile virus do not experience any symptoms. However, approximately 1 in 5 people who are infected develop West Nile fever. This mild form of the illness is characterized by the following symptoms:.
- Fever
- Headache
- Body aches
- Fatigue
- Joint pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Swollen lymph nodes
These symptoms usually develop between 2 and 14 days after the person was bitten by an infected mosquito and can last for up to a week. In rare cases, West Nile fever can lead to a more serious illness, including meningitis or encephalitis.
What is West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease?
In rare cases, the West Nile virus can cause a severe illness called West Nile neuroinvasive disease. This type of the virus affects the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. The symptoms of West Nile neuroinvasive disease include:.
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Stiff neck
- Disorientation or confusion
- Tremors or convulsions
- Muscle weakness or paralysis
These symptoms can last for several weeks, and in severe cases, can lead to long-term complications or death.
Who is at Risk for West Nile Virus?
Anyone who is bitten by an infected mosquito can contract the West Nile virus. However, people who spend time outdoors during peak mosquito hours (dusk to dawn) are at a higher risk for the virus.
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Protect Yourself from West Nile Virus
Mosquitoes thrive in warm, humid, and damp environments, and are most prevalent during the summer and fall months.
Additionally, people who have weakened immune systems, including the elderly and those with chronic illnesses, are at a higher risk for developing severe symptoms from the West Nile virus.
How is West Nile Virus Diagnosed and Treated?
If you experience symptoms of West Nile fever or West Nile neuroinvasive disease, see your healthcare provider immediately. Your doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of the West Nile virus.
Treatment for West Nile virus involves managing symptoms with over-the-counter pain relievers and staying hydrated.
In severe cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease, hospitalization may be necessary. Treatment may include intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration, medication to control seizures, and assistance with breathing, as needed.
How to Prevent West Nile Virus?
Preventing mosquito bites is the best way to avoid contracting West Nile virus. To reduce your risk of mosquito bites, consider taking the following steps:.
- Wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors during peak mosquito hours.
- Use insect repellent that contains DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus.
- Install screens on windows and doors to keep mosquitoes out of your home.
- Eliminate standing water on your property, which is a breeding ground for mosquitoes.
Understanding the symptoms of West Nile virus is essential to getting proper medical treatment. If you experience symptoms of West Nile fever or West Nile neuroinvasive disease, seek medical attention immediately.
Taking steps to prevent mosquito bites can reduce your risk of contracting the virus.
