Peptic ulcers are painful sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus. These ulcers occur when the protective lining of the digestive system becomes damaged, leading to open sores.

While the most common cause of peptic ulcers is a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), they can also result from the prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), stress, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.

Burning pain in the stomach

One of the most unmistakable symptoms of peptic ulcers is a burning pain in the stomach. This pain is often described as a gnawing or burning sensation that occurs between the belly button and the breastbone.

It can last for a few minutes or several hours and may come and go periodically. Taking antacids or acid-reducing medications may temporarily relieve the discomfort, but the pain is likely to return.

Abdominal bloating

Many individuals with peptic ulcers experience abdominal bloating or a feeling of fullness. This sensation is often accompanied by a distended or tight abdomen and can be quite uncomfortable.

The bloating may be worse after meals or may develop as a result of gas buildup in the stomach and intestines.

Nausea and vomiting

Peptic ulcers can cause persistent nausea and, in some cases, vomiting. The feeling of nausea is often worse on an empty stomach and may temporarily subside after eating.

However, vomiting can occur at any time, and it may include blood or have a coffee-ground appearance if the ulcer has caused bleeding.

Loss of appetite and weight loss

Due to the pain and discomfort associated with peptic ulcers, many individuals experience a loss of appetite. This decreased desire to eat can lead to unintentional weight loss over time.

If a person’s caloric intake is significantly reduced due to the ulcer’s symptoms, it can result in noticeable weight loss even without trying to diet.

Indigestion and heartburn

Peptic ulcers can cause indigestion, commonly characterized by discomfort or burning in the upper abdomen, known as heartburn. This symptom is often mistaken for acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), as the sensations are similar.

However, if the indigestion and heartburn persist despite lifestyle changes and over-the-counter remedies, it may be an indication of a peptic ulcer.

Related Article The 7 telltale signs of peptic ulcers

Dark or black stools

If an ulcer causes bleeding, it can result in dark or black stools, known as melena. The blood entering the digestive system undergoes certain changes, leading to the dark color.

While other factors can also cause black stools, such as iron supplements or certain foods, it is essential to seek medical attention if this symptom occurs to rule out any potential ulcer-related bleeding.

Vomiting blood

In severe cases, a peptic ulcer can cause vomiting of blood, known as hematemesis. This occurs when the ulcer erodes a blood vessel, causing significant bleeding into the stomach or esophagus.

Vomiting blood is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention, as it can quickly lead to hypovolemic shock if not treated promptly.

Fatigue and weakness

Chronic blood loss due to peptic ulcer bleeding can result in anemia, leading to fatigue, weakness, and decreased energy levels. Anemia occurs when the body does not have enough red blood cells to provide adequate oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.

If fatigue and weakness persist, even with sufficient rest and nutrition, it may be a sign of an underlying peptic ulcer.

Feeling faint or lightheaded

Severe peptic ulcers that cause significant blood loss can lead to anemia-related symptoms such as feeling faint or lightheaded. Anemia affects the brain’s oxygen supply and can cause dizziness, shortness of breath, and difficulty concentrating.

These symptoms should not be ignored, as they may indicate a serious complication of a peptic ulcer.

Back pain

In some cases, peptic ulcers can cause referred pain that radiates to the back. The pain may be dull, achy, or sharp, and it usually occurs in the upper abdominal region, just beneath the ribs.

This back pain may be present even when no other symptoms of peptic ulcers are noticeable.

Conclusion

Peptic ulcers can cause various unmistakable symptoms that should not be ignored.

These symptoms include burning pain in the stomach, abdominal bloating, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite and weight loss, indigestion and heartburn, dark or black stools, vomiting blood, fatigue and weakness, feeling faint or lightheaded, and back pain. While these symptoms may be due to other health conditions, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.