Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels due to either insufficient insulin production or the body’s inability to use insulin effectively.

While most people are familiar with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, there is another lesser-known type – the third type of diabetes. But what exactly is the third type of diabetes, and what causes it?.

What is the Third Type of Diabetes?

The third type of diabetes, also known as gestational diabetes, occurs during pregnancy. It is a temporary form of diabetes that affects pregnant women who have never had diabetes before.

Unlike Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, which are lifelong conditions, gestational diabetes usually resolves after childbirth. However, it greatly increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life for both the mother and the child.

Causes of Gestational Diabetes

The exact cause of gestational diabetes is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the hormones produced during pregnancy.

Hormones from the placenta can interfere with the mother’s insulin, making it harder for her body to use insulin effectively. This results in a buildup of glucose in the blood, leading to gestational diabetes.

Several risk factors can increase a woman’s chances of developing gestational diabetes. These include:.

Being overweight or obese before pregnancy
A family history of diabetes
Prior history of gestational diabetes
Having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Being older than 25 years

It is important for pregnant women to undergo screening for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy to ensure early detection and appropriate management.

Complications of Gestational Diabetes

When left uncontrolled, gestational diabetes can lead to various complications for both the mother and the baby. These complications may include:.

Macrosomia: This refers to a condition where the baby grows larger than average, which can lead to difficulties during delivery.
Hypoglycemia: Newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes may experience low blood sugar levels after birth.
Preeclampsia: Gestational diabetes increases the risk of developing high blood pressure during pregnancy, which can lead to complications such as organ damage.
Type 2 Diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes are at a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.

Managing Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes can often be managed through lifestyle changes, including:.

A healthy and balanced diet: A dietitian can help create a meal plan that ensures adequate nutrition for both the mother and the baby while managing blood sugar levels.
Regular physical activity: Engaging in moderate exercise, as recommended by a healthcare professional, can help improve insulin sensitivity.
Monitoring blood sugar levels: Regularly monitoring blood sugar levels can help ensure they remain within the target range. This may involve self-monitoring using a glucose meter or continuous glucose monitoring.

In some cases, medication or insulin therapy may be necessary to manage blood sugar levels effectively. Healthcare providers will determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on individual needs.

Preventing Type 2 Diabetes

One of the main concerns with gestational diabetes is the increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes after pregnancy. However, there are steps that can be taken to reduce this risk:.

Maintain a healthy weight: Losing any excess weight gained during pregnancy and maintaining a healthy weight can significantly reduce the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
Adopt healthy lifestyle habits: Following a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, and managing stress can all contribute to preventing Type 2 diabetes.
Regular screenings: Women who have had gestational diabetes should have regular screenings for Type 2 diabetes to ensure early detection and prompt management if necessary.

By understanding the risk factors and making proactive lifestyle choices, women can lower their chances of developing Type 2 diabetes in the future.

Conclusion

Gestational diabetes, or the third type of diabetes, is a temporary form of diabetes that affects pregnant women. While the exact cause is unknown, hormonal changes during pregnancy play a significant role.

It is crucial for expectant mothers to undergo regular screenings to detect and manage gestational diabetes early. By effectively managing gestational diabetes and adopting a healthy lifestyle, the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes can be minimized.

With proper care and monitoring, women can have a healthy pregnancy and reduce the long-term complications associated with gestational diabetes.