Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects millions of people around the world. It is caused by the body’s inability to regulate blood sugar levels properly, leading to high blood sugar levels over time.

Diabetes can cause many changes in the body that can lead to complications in various organs and tissues, including the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. One of the lesser-known complications of diabetes is autonomous neuropathy.

What is autonomous neuropathy?

Autonomous neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that affects the internal organs that are not under voluntary control, such as the heart, digestive tract, and bladder.

It is caused by damage to the nerves that control these organs, resulting in abnormal or erratic function of these organs. People with diabetes are at risk for autonomous neuropathy due to the effects of high blood sugar levels on the nerves.

Types of autonomous neuropathy

There are several types of autonomous neuropathy that can affect people with diabetes:.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, which affects the nerves that control the heart and blood vessels. This can lead to abnormal heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow.
Gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy, which affects the nerves that control the digestive system. This can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating.
Genitourinary autonomic neuropathy, which affects the nerves that control the bladder and sexual organs. This can lead to urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and other issues.

Symptoms of autonomous neuropathy

The symptoms of autonomous neuropathy vary depending on which organs are affected. They may include:.

Dizziness or fainting when standing up
Abnormal heart rate or rhythm
Chest pain or discomfort
Shortness of breath
Difficulty swallowing
Nausea, vomiting, or bloating
Diarrhea or constipation
Urinary incontinence or difficulty emptying the bladder
Sexual dysfunction

Diagnosis of autonomous neuropathy

Diagnosing autonomous neuropathy can be challenging because it affects organs that are typically not visible or accessible for testing. However, doctors can use several methods to test for the condition, including:.

Heart rate variability testing
Breathing tests
Gastric emptying studies
Bladder function tests
Sexual function tests

Treatment of autonomous neuropathy

There is no cure for autonomous neuropathy, but treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent further nerve damage. Treatment may include:.

Tight blood sugar control
Medications to control blood pressure or heart rate
Medications to improve digestive function
Medications to improve bladder function
Behavioral therapies to improve sexual function
Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding alcohol and smoking

Prevention of autonomous neuropathy

Preventing autonomous neuropathy begins with proper blood sugar control and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels. Other lifestyle changes that can help prevent the condition include:.

Maintaining a healthy weight
Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Exercising regularly
Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption

Conclusion

Autonomous neuropathy is a lesser-known complication of diabetes that can affect multiple organs in the body. The condition can lead to a wide range of symptoms and can be challenging to diagnose and treat.

Proper blood sugar control and a healthy lifestyle can help prevent the development of autonomous neuropathy in people with diabetes.