Prematurity, a condition in which a baby is born before 37 weeks of gestation, is a growing concern worldwide. From the year 2000 to 2015, the rate of premature births increased by 30%, accounting for approximately one in ten babies born globally.
While medical advances have drastically decreased mortality rates of preterm infants, the harsh realities of prematurity are still far from ideal for both parents and their babies.
What Causes Prematurity?
There is not always a single definitive cause for premature births. However, there are various factors that can increase a pregnant woman’s risk of delivering her baby early. Some of these factors include:.
- Poor prenatal care
- Infections during pregnancy
- Smoking, drinking alcohol, or drug use during pregnancy
- High blood pressure
- Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.)
- Previous premature birth
Complications of Prematurity
Premature babies may face many health complications, including:.
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- Jaundice
- Apnea, a pause in breathing
- Infections
- Anemia
- Brain hemorrhages
- Developmental delays
Treatment of Prematurity
Preterm infants often require intensive care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Treatment may include:.
- Respiratory support, such as mechanical ventilation
- Nutritional support, including tube feedings or intravenous (IV) nutrition
- Medications to treat infections, anemia, and other medical issues
- Phototherapy to treat jaundice
- Surgeries, such as those to repair a heart defect or intestinal perforation
The Emotional Impact of Prematurity on Parents
The experience of having a premature baby can be incredibly stressful and emotionally draining for parents. Many parents experience guilt, self-blame, and anxiety over the health of their baby.
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The delay in bonding with their newborn due to hospitalization can also impact the parent-child relationship and the overall attachment bond.
The Financial Impact of Prematurity
Premature births can result in significant financial burdens for families, as medical expenses can quickly add up. According to the March of Dimes, the cost of medical care for a premature baby can be more than 10 times that of a full-term baby.
These costs may include hospitalization in a NICU, medications, surgeries and ongoing medical care and special education services as children develop and grow.
Preventative Measures
While there isn’t a guaranteed method for preventing premature birth, there are a few steps pregnant women can take to reduce their risk, including:.
- Visiting your doctor early and regularly
- Avoiding smoking, alcohol, and drugs during pregnancy
- Eating a healthy diet
- Managing medical issues like high blood pressure and diabetes
- Getting adequate rest and managing stress
Closing Thoughts
The harsh reality of prematurity is a growing concern worldwide. While medical advancements have decreased mortality rates, the health complications and financial burdens remain difficult for both parents and their babies.
With $25 billion spent annually on neonatal care in the United States alone, prevention is essential.
