Varicose veins are a common problem affecting millions of people worldwide. These enlarged, twisted veins can be unsightly, making them a cosmetic concern for some. However, varicose veins can also cause discomfort and pain, especially in the legs.

Thrombosis, on the other hand, is a serious medical condition that can result from varicose veins.

It occurs when a blood clot forms deep within the veins, obstructing blood flow and potentially leading to severe consequences such as pulmonary embolism, stroke, and even death.

The Anatomy of Varicose Veins and the Venous System

To understand the connection between varicose veins and thrombosis, it helps to know how veins work in the body. Veins are blood vessels that transport deoxygenated blood from the body’s tissues back to the heart for oxygenation.

Unlike arteries, veins have one-way valves that prevent the blood from flowing backward.

The venous system comprises two sets of veins—the superficial veins and the deep veins. The superficial veins lie just beneath the skin, while the deep veins are located deep in the muscles.

In normal functioning, the vein valves’ coordinated action ensures that the blood flows from the superficial veins to the deep veins and back to the heart.

Unfortunately, when the vein walls become weak or the valves malfunction, blood can accumulate in the superficial veins, causing them to stretch, bulge, and twist.

This is how varicose veins develop, primarily in the legs and thighs, where blood flow is challenged due to gravity.

The Link between Varicose Veins and Thrombosis

Varicose veins increase the risk of blood clots forming. This is because the stagnant blood in the veins can cause the blood to start clotting, which can lead to thrombosis.

When a clot forms deep within the veins, it’s called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Besides the legs, DVT can also develop in the arms or other parts of the body.

DVT is a severe condition that requires immediate medical attention. If left untreated, the blood clot can detach from the vein and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.

This can be life-threatening, especially if the embolism is massive or multiple and leads to pulmonary hypertension or heart failure.

Risk Factors for Varicose Veins and Thrombosis

Several factors increase the risk of developing varicose veins and thrombosis. These include:.

Age

As you age, the veins’ walls may become weaker, increasing your chances of developing varicose veins and blood clots.

Gender

Women are more likely than men to develop varicose veins and blood clots. This may be because female hormones relax the vein walls, causing veins to stretch and bulge.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy puts immense pressure on the veins, which can cause the veins to enlarge and twist. This also increases the risk of blood clots forming.

Obesity

Being overweight or obese puts excess strain on the veins, increasing the risk of developing varicose veins and DVT.

Inactivity

Sitting or standing for prolonged periods can hinder blood flow, increasing the likelihood of developing varicose veins and blood clots.

Family history

If a close family member has varicose veins or has experienced blood clots, you may be predisposed to developing the conditions as well.

Prevention and Treatment

Although there is no surefire way to prevent varicose veins and thrombosis, there are several lifestyle changes you can adopt to decrease your risk. These include:.