Vertigo is a condition that affects the sense of balance and creates the sensation of feeling dizzy, disoriented, or lightheaded. It can be caused by a variety of factors including inner ear problems, head injuries, and certain medications.

Here are some of the common causes and ways to prevent them.

Inner Ear Problems

The inner ear houses our vestibular system, which helps us maintain balance. When this system is disrupted, it can cause vertigo. Some inner ear problems that can cause vertigo include:.

BPPV (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo)

BPPV is the most common cause of vertigo, accounting for about 20% of all cases. It occurs when small calcium crystals in the inner ear break loose and move into the ear canal.

This leads to confusion in the brain about the body’s position, resulting in vertigo. BPPV can be corrected by a procedure called the Epley maneuver.

Ménière’s Disease

Ménière’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, along with hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and a feeling of fullness in the ear.

The cause of Ménière’s disease is not clear, but it is thought to be related to changes in the fluid and pressure in the inner ear. Dietary changes and medication can help manage the symptoms of Ménière’s disease.

Vestibular Neuritis or Labyrinthitis

Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are two conditions that cause inflammation in the inner ear. This inflammation can lead to vertigo, along with other symptoms like hearing loss and nausea.

These conditions are usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection and can be treated with medication.

Head Injuries

Head injuries can cause damage to the vestibular system or brainstem, leading to vertigo. Here are some types of head injuries that can cause vertigo:.

Concussion

Concussions are a type of traumatic brain injury that can cause vestibular dysfunction and vertigo. Symptoms of concussion can range from mild to severe and can include dizziness, headache, and difficulty concentrating.

Rest and symptom management are the main treatments for concussion.

Migraines are a type of headache that can cause vertigo in some people. Migraine-related vertigo can be triggered by changes in head position, stress, or hormonal changes.

Treatment for migraine-related vertigo can include medication and lifestyle changes.

Medication Side Effects

Some medications can cause vertigo as a side effect. Here are some types of medications that can cause vertigo:.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics like gentamicin and neomycin can cause damage to the inner ear and vestibular system, leading to vertigo. These medications are used to treat serious infections and are usually only prescribed in cases where the benefits outweigh the risks.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants like amitriptyline and nortriptyline can also cause vertigo as a side effect. These medications are used to treat depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders.

If you experience vertigo while taking antidepressants, talk to your doctor about adjusting your dosage or trying a different medication.

Preventing Vertigo

While some types of vertigo cannot be prevented, there are things you can do to reduce your risk of experiencing vertigo:.

Drink plenty of water

Dehydration can lead to dizziness and vertigo, so it’s important to stay properly hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.

Avoid head injuries

Wear protective gear when participating in high-risk activities, like contact sports or riding a bike. If you experience a head injury, seek medical attention right away.

Manage stress

Stress can trigger or worsen vertigo symptoms, so learning stress-management techniques like deep breathing, yoga, or meditation can help reduce your risk of experiencing vertigo.

Avoid sudden head movements

Sudden movements of the head, like looking up too quickly, can trigger vertigo symptoms in some people. Try to move your head slowly and avoid sudden movements.