Hepatic failure, also known as liver failure, is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the liver loses its ability to function properly.

The liver is responsible for removing toxins from the blood, producing bile to aid in digestion, and synthesizing proteins necessary for blood clotting. When the liver fails, several visual symptoms may manifest.

Jaundice

Jaundice is a common symptom of hepatic failure. It is caused by the buildup of bilirubin, a waste product that is normally excreted by the liver.

When the liver fails, bilirubin accumulates in the bloodstream and causes yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes. The severity of jaundice may vary depending on the degree of liver damage.

Spider Angiomas

Spider angiomas, also known as spider nevi, are small, red or blue spider-like blood vessels that appear on the skin. They are often found on the face, neck, chest, and arms.

Spider angiomas are caused by an increase in estrogen levels, which occurs when the liver fails to break down hormones properly. They are a common symptom of liver disease, but may also be caused by other conditions.

Palmar Erythema

Palmar erythema is a reddening of the palms of the hands. It is caused by an increase in blood flow to the hands and is often a sign of liver disease.

The exact mechanism behind palmar erythema is not well understood, but it is thought to be related to an imbalance of hormones in the body.

Clubbing

Clubbing is a condition in which the tips of the fingers become enlarged and curved. It is often a sign of chronic liver disease.

The exact mechanism behind clubbing is not well understood, but it is thought to be related to reduced oxygen levels in the blood and an increase in growth factors that stimulate bone and tissue growth.

Ascites

Ascites is a condition in which excess fluid accumulates in the abdomen. It is often a sign of advanced liver disease.

The accumulation of fluid is caused by a combination of factors, including reduced blood flow through the liver, increased resistance to blood flow in the liver, and reduced protein synthesis by the liver.

Encephalopathy

Encephalopathy is a condition in which the brain function is impaired due to a buildup of toxins in the blood. It is a serious complication of liver disease and can lead to confusion, disorientation, and even coma.

The buildup of toxins in the blood is caused by the liver’s inability to detoxify harmful substances.

Pruritus

Pruritus, or itching, is a common symptom of liver disease. It is thought to be caused by the buildup of bile salts in the blood, which are not properly excreted by the liver. The itching can be severe and may be worse at night.

Fetor Hepaticus

Fetor hepaticus is a characteristic sweet, musty breath odor that is associated with liver failure. It is caused by the buildup of certain chemicals in the blood, including dimethyl sulfide and trimethylamine.

The odor is often described as smelling like a combination of rotten eggs and garlic.

Conclusion

Hepatic failure can have serious consequences on the body, including a variety of visual symptoms. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned in this article, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.