Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in nerve function, the production of red blood cells, and DNA synthesis.

While most people get enough vitamin B12 from their diet, some people may be at risk of deficiency, especially those who follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, have gastrointestinal disorders, or take certain medications.

The symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency can be subtle at first but can become more severe over time. Here are 10 vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms to watch out for:.

1. Fatigue and weakness

One of the most common symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency is fatigue and weakness. This is because vitamin B12 is essential for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the body’s tissues.

Without enough red blood cells, the body can’t get enough oxygen, leading to fatigue and weakness.

2. Pale skin

Another sign of vitamin B12 deficiency is pale or yellowish skin.

This is because vitamin B12 deficiency can cause a type of anemia called megaloblastic anemia, which means the body produces fewer but larger red blood cells that can’t function properly. This can result in pale or yellowish skin.

3. Numbness and tingling

Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function, so a deficiency can lead to numbness and tingling in the hands and feet. This can be caused by nerve damage due to a lack of vitamin B12.

4. Difficulty walking

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause problems with balance and coordination, making it difficult to walk. This is because vitamin B12 is essential for the formation of the myelin sheath, a protective layer that surrounds nerves.

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Without enough vitamin B12, the myelin sheath can become damaged, leading to problems with walking.

5. Memory problems

Vitamin B12 is important for brain function, so a deficiency can lead to memory problems and cognitive decline. This can cause difficulty with concentration, memory loss, and confusion.

6. Vision changes

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause vision changes, including blurred vision, double vision, and sensitivity to light.

This is because vitamin B12 is important for the function of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eyes to the brain.

7. Mood changes

Vitamin B12 is important for the production of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that help regulate mood and behavior. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to mood changes, including depression, anxiety, and irritability.

8. Mouth ulcers

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause mouth ulcers, which are painful sores that develop in the mouth. This may be due to changes in the lining of the mouth caused by a lack of vitamin B12.

9. Digestive problems

Some people with vitamin B12 deficiency may experience digestive problems, including nausea, diarrhea, and constipation. This may be due to changes in the digestive system caused by a lack of vitamin B12.

10. Menstrual problems

In women, vitamin B12 deficiency can cause menstrual problems, including heavy or irregular periods. This is because vitamin B12 is important for the production of red blood cells, which are essential for menstruation.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to talk to your healthcare provider. A simple blood test can determine if you have a vitamin B12 deficiency, and treatment may include vitamin B12 supplements or changes to your diet.