Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that weakens the immune system. It can lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which can be fatal if not treated.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were approximately 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally in 2019.

The virus can be transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing of needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is important to know the warning signs of HIV/AIDS to help prevent the spread of the virus and get early treatment.

1. Flu-like Symptoms

Within two to four weeks after being infected, some people may experience flu-like symptoms. These may include fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen glands, headache, and muscle aches.

These symptoms may last for a few weeks and could be mistaken for other common illnesses.

2. Rash

Approximately 50% of people infected with HIV develop a rash. The rash usually appears within the first few weeks of infection and can be itchy and red. It can appear on the face, chest, back, and hands.

3. Night Sweats

Night sweats are excessive sweating that occurs while sleeping. It can be a symptom of HIV/AIDS and can lead to dehydration and fatigue.

Night sweats are also a common symptom of tuberculosis, another disease that people with HIV/AIDS are more susceptible to.

4. Fatigue

Chronic fatigue and a lack of energy can be an early sign of HIV infection. It can also be a symptom of other illnesses, so it is important to get tested for HIV if you experience fatigue for an extended period of time.

5. Weight Loss

Rapid weight loss is a common symptom of HIV/AIDS. It can be due to a loss of appetite, diarrhea, or infections that are more common in people with HIV/AIDS.

Related Article 15 Signs and Symptoms of AIDS

6. Swollen Lymph Nodes

HIV can lead to swollen lymph nodes, which are part of the immune system. The lymph nodes may be felt as lumps under the skin in the neck, groin, and armpit areas.

7. Candidiasis

Candidiasis is an infection caused by a yeast called Candida. It can affect the mouth, throat, and genital areas. It is a common symptom of HIV/AIDS because the weakened immune system cannot fight off the infection.

8. Shingles

Shingles is a viral infection that causes a painful rash. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which is the same virus that causes chickenpox.

People with HIV/AIDS are more susceptible to shingles because the virus can reactivate due to a weakened immune system.

9. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the reproductive organs in women. It can lead to infertility and chronic pain if left untreated.

Women with HIV/AIDS are more susceptible to PID because their weakened immune system cannot fight off infections as effectively.

10. Opportunistic Infections

Opportunistic infections are infections that occur more frequently in people with weakened immune systems. People with HIV/AIDS are more susceptible to these types of infections, which can be life-threatening if not treated.

Some examples of opportunistic infections include tuberculosis, pneumonia, and toxoplasmosis.

If you experience any of these warning signs of HIV/AIDS, it is important to get tested as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the spread of the virus and improve your overall health and quality of life.