Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland in the neck produces an insufficient amount of thyroid hormones. Untreated, hypothyroidism can lead to developmental delays, growth problems, and other medical issues in children.

How Common is Hypothyroidism in Children?

Although hypothyroidism is rare in infants, it is a relatively common condition in children and adolescents.

According to a report from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Thyroid Association, hypothyroidism affects approximately 1 in every 2,000 children. However, the condition may be more common in some populations.

What Causes Hypothyroidism in Children?

In many cases, hypothyroidism in children is caused by an autoimmune disorder called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

This disorder causes the body’s immune system to attack and damage the thyroid gland, leading to a reduction in thyroid hormone production. Hypothyroidism can also result from prior radiation treatment to the neck or from certain medications.

What Are the Signs of Hypothyroidism in Children?

Infants born with hypothyroidism may not have any obvious symptoms at birth. However, symptoms may become apparent over time. The following are some of the most common signs of hypothyroidism in children:.

1. Slow Growth

Children with hypothyroidism may experience slower than expected growth rates. They may be shorter than their peers and may have a slow rate of weight gain.

2. Delayed Developmental Milestones

Children with hypothyroidism may take longer than expected to reach developmental milestones, such as sitting up, crawling, walking, and talking. They may also have trouble with fine motor skills, such as grasping objects or tying shoes.

3. Fatigue and Weakness

Children with hypothyroidism may experience fatigue and weakness, even with normal activity levels. They may tire easily and may have difficulty keeping up with their peers during playtime and sports activities.

4. Dry, Puffy Skin

Hypothyroidism can cause the skin to become dry, thick, and puffy. The skin may also appear yellowish in color.

5. Constipation

Children with hypothyroidism may experience constipation and may have difficulty passing stool regularly.

6. Delayed Puberty

Children with hypothyroidism may experience delayed puberty, meaning that they may not start to develop the physical characteristics of puberty (such as breast development in girls or pubic hair growth in boys) at the expected age.

7. Hoarse Voice

Children with hypothyroidism may develop a hoarse voice or may experience difficulty speaking clearly.

8. Sensitivity to Cold

Children with hypothyroidism may feel cold more easily than their peers and may have a lower tolerance for cold temperatures.

9. Poor Memory and Concentration

Hypothyroidism can affect cognitive function, and children with the condition may have trouble with memory and concentration.

10. Dry, Brittle Hair and Nails

Children with hypothyroidism may experience brittle, dry hair and nails that break easily.

Conclusion

If you suspect that your child may have hypothyroidism, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Your pediatrician can perform blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels and can recommend appropriate treatment if necessary.