Genital discomfort is a term that encompasses various symptoms, such as pain, itching, burning, swelling, discharge, and irritation, that affect the genital area.
Both men and women can experience genital discomfort due to different causes that range from mild allergies to serious medical conditions. Here are some of the common causes of genital discomfort:.
Allergies and Irritants
The skin of the genital area can be sensitive to certain materials, products, or substances that cause an allergic or irritant reaction. Common allergens and irritants that may cause genital discomfort include:.
- Latex condoms or other rubber products
- Detergents and fabric softeners
- Perfumes and fragrances
- Spermicides and lubricants
- Metal or plastic objects, such as zippers, buttons, or jewelry
- Certain foods, such as spicy or acidic foods
- Chemicals in pools, hot tubs, or spas
To avoid or reduce genital discomfort due to allergies or irritants, try using hypoallergenic products, non-latex condoms, cotton underwear, and avoid contact with known allergens or irritants.
Yeast Infections
Yeast infections are a common cause of genital discomfort in women, caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans, a type of fungus that normally resides in the vagina.
Yeast infections may cause symptoms such as itching, burning, soreness, redness, and thick, white discharge. Factors that may increase the risk of yeast infections include:.
- Antibiotic use
- Pregnancy
- Diabetes
- Immunosuppression
- Slutty clothing or underwear
Yeast infections can be treated with antifungal medication, such as creams, tablets, or suppositories, that are available over-the-counter or by prescription.
However, women who have recurrent yeast infections or severe symptoms should see a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Bacterial Infections
Bacterial infections, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) or urinary tract infection (UTI), can also cause genital discomfort in women.
BV is caused by an imbalance of the vaginal microbiota, leading to overgrowth of harmful bacteria that produce foul-smelling discharge, itching, and burning. UTI is caused by bacteria that enter the urinary tract and cause pain, burning, and frequent urination. Factors that may increase the risk of bacterial infections include:.
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Factors Leading to Genital Pain
- Sexual activity
- Using harsh soaps or douches
- Wiping from back to front after bowel movement
- Having a weakened immune system
- Having multiple sexual partners
Bacterial infections are usually treated with antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare provider. Women who have recurrent UTIs or BV may need further testing or treatment to identify and address underlying causes.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that spread through sexual contact, and can cause genital discomfort in both men and women. Some common STDs that cause genital discomfort include:.
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- Herpes
- Human papillomavirus (HPV)
- Syphilis
- HIV
STDs may cause symptoms such as pain, itching, discharge, sores, and rashes in the genital area, or they may have no symptoms at all.
Left untreated, STDs can cause serious health problems, such as infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and cancer. The best way to prevent STDs is to practice safe sex, get tested regularly, and seek treatment promptly if diagnosed with an STD.
Menopause
For women who are going through menopause or have already gone through it, hormonal changes can cause genital discomfort such as dryness, itching, and burning.
The reduction of estrogen levels in the body is to blame when it comes to the dryness that can cause itching and burning, and potentially make intercourse painful.
Women experiencing menopausal genital discomfort can try over-the-counter moisturizing creams, or hormone-based treatments. Some women may find relief by using lubricants or engaging in sexual activity more frequently.
A woman’s doctor could advise the best treatments to help her get through this issue.
Conclusion
Genital discomfort has many potential causes, ranging from minor irritations to serious medical conditions. Regardless of the cause, genital discomfort is not something that should be ignored or neglected.
If you experience persistent or severe genital discomfort, see a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. In many cases, simple lifestyle changes or over-the-counter remedies can suffice, whereas some cases may require medical diagnosis and prescription medication.
