Heartburn is a common condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Although it is typically a symptom of acid reflux, heartburn can also be a sign of more serious health conditions.

Therefore, it’s important to know the underlying causes of heartburn to receive proper treatment.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD is a chronic digestive disorder that occurs when the stomach acid and contents flow back up into the esophagus. This action irritates the lining of the esophagus, causing heartburn and other related symptoms.

Primary symptoms of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation of food or sour liquid, difficulty swallowing, and coughing or wheezing. Treatment options typically involve lifestyle changes, medication, and in rare cases, surgery.

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A peptic ulcer is a sore that develops in the lining of the digestive tract, typically in the stomach or the first part of the small intestine. A common cause of peptic ulcers is a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori (H.

pylori), which damages the protective mucus layer of the stomach and small intestine, leading to the development of an ulcer.

The primary symptom of a peptic ulcer is a burning sensation in the stomach or upper abdomen, which can radiate up to the chest and cause heartburn. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and unintended weight loss.

Treatment typically includes antibiotics, acid-reducing medication, and avoiding specific irritants, such as caffeine and alcohol.

Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. It starts in cells that line the inside of the esophagus and can eventually spread to other parts of the body.

The primary symptoms of esophageal cancer are difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and weight loss. Heartburn can also be a symptom of esophageal cancer, especially in the later stages.

Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.

Related Article 8 Diseases That Cause Heartburn: Recognize the Symptoms

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is a condition in which the upper part of the stomach bulges up through the diaphragm and into the chest cavity. This can cause acid reflux and heartburn.

The primary symptom of a hiatal hernia is heartburn, as well as chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and regurgitation of food or liquid. Treatment typically involves medication, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgery.

Panic Disorder/Anxiety

Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder that causes unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear, also known as panic attacks. In some cases, panic disorder can cause symptoms similar to heartburn, including chest pain and shortness of breath.

Treatment for panic disorder typically involves therapy and medication. Learning to manage stress and practicing relaxation techniques can also help to reduce symptoms.

Asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making it difficult to breathe. In some cases, asthma can cause symptoms similar to heartburn or acid reflux.

The primary symptoms of asthma include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, which can worsen at night or during exercise. Treatment typically involves medication, avoiding triggers, and lifestyle changes.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

CAD is a condition in which the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrow or blocked, leading to chest pain or angina. In some cases, this can cause heartburn-like symptoms.

Primary symptoms of CAD include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Treatment typically involves lifestyle changes, medication, and in severe cases, surgery.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy can also cause heartburn due to the increased pressure on the stomach as the uterus expands. In addition, hormonal changes can relax the muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach, leading to acid reflux.

Primary symptoms of heartburn during pregnancy include burning in the throat or chest, an acidic or bitter taste in the mouth, and difficulty swallowing.

Treatment typically involves lifestyle changes and medication, under the guidance of a healthcare provider.