As the weather warms up and the sun shines bright, it’s tempting to spend more time outdoors. However, exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause eye damage, leading to various eye problems.

In this article, we’ll discuss what happens to your eyes with prolonged sun exposure and how you can prevent it.

What is UV Radiation?

UV radiation is a type of energy that comes from the sun. It’s invisible to the naked eye but can cause damage to our skin and eyes. There are three types of UV radiation: UVA, UVB, and UVC.

UVC doesn’t reach the Earth’s surface as it is absorbed by the ozone layer. However, UVA and UVB can cause damage and harm our eyes.

Effects of Sun Exposure on Eyes

The effects of sun exposure on our eyes can range from minor irritation to severe damage, leading to vision loss. Here are some of the common effects of prolonged sun exposure on eyes:.

Photokeratitis

Photokeratitis, also known as sunburned eyes, is a painful condition that occurs when your eyes are exposed to high amounts of UV radiation.

It’s similar to sunburn on your skin, and the symptoms include redness, pain, tearing, and sensitivity to light. It usually goes away within a day or two.

Pterygium

Pterygium is a pink, fleshy growth on the conjunctiva, the clear tissue that covers the white part of the eye. It’s caused by prolonged exposure to UV radiation. The growth can become large enough to cover the cornea, leading to vision problems.

Surgery is required to remove it, but it can recur even after surgery.

Cataract

Cataract is a clouding of the eye’s natural lens, leading to blurry vision. It’s one of the most common eye problems caused by UV radiation exposure. A cataract can occur in one or both eyes, and it usually develops gradually.

Surgery is required to remove the cataract and replace it with an artificial lens.

Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is a condition that affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision.

It leads to a loss of vision in the center of the visual field and can make it difficult to read, recognize faces, and do other activities that require fine vision. Prolonged exposure to UV radiation can increase the risk of macular degeneration.

Prevention of Eye Damage from Sun Exposure

Here are some ways to protect your eyes from the harmful effects of UV radiation:.

Wear Protective Eyewear

Wear sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays. Choose wraparound sunglasses that provide protection from the side as well. Wear a wide-brimmed hat to cover your face and eyes from the sun’s rays.

Avoid High Sun Exposure

Avoid being outdoors during peak sun hours, usually from 10 am to 4 pm. If you must be outdoors, find shade or wear protective clothing to protect your skin and eyes.

Use Proper Eye Care

Keep your eyes hydrated by using eye drops. Blink frequently to avoid dry eyes. Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, especially those high in vitamins C and E. These vitamins can help reduce the risk of cataracts and macular degeneration.

Conclusion

Protecting your eyes from sun damage is an essential step in maintaining good eye health. Long periods of sun exposure can lead to various eye problems, from minor irritation to severe damage.

By taking preventive measures, such as wearing protective eyewear, avoiding high sun exposure, and using proper eye care, you can reduce your risk of eye damage from prolonged sun exposure.