Every year, seasonal flu affects millions of people globally. It is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that primarily spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Transmission

Influenza viruses can spread through contact with infected surfaces or objects, such as doorknobs and table tops, or when a person touches their eyes, nose, or mouth after touching a contaminated surface or object.

The virus can also spread through small droplets in the air, which can be inhaled by others.

People infected with flu can pass it on to others a day before they begin to experience symptoms, and up to seven days after becoming sick.

Children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with a weakened immune system are at a higher risk of catching the flu and experiencing severe complications.

Symptoms

The symptoms of seasonal flu can range from mild to severe and usually develop suddenly. They include:.

Fever or feeling feverish/chills
Cough
Sore throat
Runny or stuffy nose
Muscle or body aches
Headaches
Fatigue (tiredness)
Vomiting and diarrhea (more common in children than adults)

In most cases, people with flu recover within a week or two without serious complications.

However, some people, including children, pregnant women, and older adults, are at a higher risk of experiencing severe complications that may require hospitalization.

Complications

Flu can lead to several complications, particularly in people who are at a higher risk of severe illness. These complications can include:.

Pneumonia
Ear or sinus infections
Bronchitis
Dehydration
Worsening of chronic medical conditions such as diabetes and heart failure

Most flu-related deaths in the U.S. occur in people age 65 and older. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), between 70% and 85% of seasonal flu-related hospitalizations and deaths have occurred in people 65 years and older.

Prevention

The most effective way to prevent the flu is by getting vaccinated annually, ideally before the flu season begins. The flu vaccine can reduce the risk of flu illness by up to 60% and help prevent flu-related hospitalizations and deaths.

It is recommended for everyone aged six months and older unless they have a medical condition that prevents them from receiving the vaccine.

Other ways to prevent the spread of seasonal flu include:.

Covering your nose and mouth when you cough or sneeze
Washing your hands frequently with soap and water
Avoiding close contact with people who are sick
Staying home when you are sick
Cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces and objects, such as doorknobs and keyboards

Conclusion

Flu is a highly contagious respiratory illness that can cause mild to severe symptoms and complications. The virus spreads through the air or contact with contaminated surfaces or objects.

The best way to prevent the flu is by getting vaccinated annually and practicing good hygiene habits to prevent the spread of germs. People at a higher risk of severe illness should take extra precautions to avoid the flu and seek prompt medical care if they develop flu symptoms.