Angioedema is a condition characterized by the swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, similar to hives. However, angioedema differs from hives in that the swelling occurs beneath the surface of the skin.

It typically affects areas around the eyes, lips, tongue, throat, and genitals, and can cause severe pain and discomfort. While most cases of angioedema are not life-threatening and can be treated with over-the-counter medications, some cases require urgent medical attention. In this article, we will discuss when angioedema requires urgent medical attention.

What causes angioedema?

Angioedema is caused by the sudden release of histamine and other chemicals in the body, resulting in swelling and inflammation. There are many possible triggers for angioedema, including:.

Food allergies, such as shellfish, nuts, and dairy products
Medication reactions, such as antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and blood pressure medications
Insect bites or stings
Exposure to allergens, such as pollen, animal dander, or dust mites
Underlying medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, thyroid disorders, or viral infections

When does angioedema require urgent medical attention?

Most cases of angioedema are not life-threatening and can be treated at home with over-the-counter antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or cetirizine (Zyrtec).

However, there are some cases when angioedema requires urgent medical attention, including:.

1. Difficulty breathing or swallowing

Angioedema that affects the throat can cause difficulty breathing or swallowing, which can be life-threatening. Seek emergency medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms:.

Shortness of breath or wheezing
Tightness in the throat or chest
Difficulty swallowing
Hoarse voice or cough

2. Rapidly spreading swelling

If the swelling spreads quickly to other parts of the body, it can be a sign of a severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment with epinephrine (adrenaline) and other medications.

Seek emergency medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms:.

Rapidly spreading swelling, especially to the face, lips, and throat
Hives or rash on the skin
Difficulty breathing or swallowing
Weakness or dizziness

3. Swelling after consuming certain foods or medications

If you experience angioedema after consuming certain foods or medications, it may be a sign of an allergy. Some allergies can be life-threatening and require urgent medical attention.

Seek emergency medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms:.

Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat
Difficulty breathing or swallowing
Hives or rash on the skin
Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea

4. Recurrent episodes of angioedema

If you experience frequent episodes of angioedema, it may be a sign of an underlying medical condition, such as hereditary angioedema (HAE).

HAE is a genetic disorder that causes recurrent episodes of swelling in various parts of the body, including the face, limbs, and genitals. HAE can be life-threatening and requires ongoing medical treatment. If you have recurrent episodes of angioedema, speak with your healthcare provider about testing for HAE or other underlying conditions.

How is angioedema treated?

The treatment for angioedema depends on the cause and severity of the swelling. Mild cases of angioedema can often be treated with over-the-counter antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or cetirizine (Zyrtec).

For more severe cases of angioedema, treatment may include:.

Corticosteroid medications, such as prednisone, to reduce inflammation
Epinephrine (adrenaline) injections for anaphylaxis
Immunosuppressant medications, such as cyclosporine, for chronic cases of angioedema

If you have frequent episodes of angioedema, your healthcare provider may recommend allergy testing or referrals to an allergist or immunologist for further evaluation and treatment.

Conclusion

Angioedema is a condition characterized by the sudden swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, and can be caused by many different triggers.

While most cases of angioedema are not life-threatening and can be treated with over-the-counter medications, some cases require urgent medical attention. If you experience difficulty breathing or swallowing, rapid spreading swelling, swelling after consuming certain foods or medications, or recurrent episodes of angioedema, seek emergency medical attention.