Bone density testing is a process that helps to measure the strength and density of your bones. It is a safe, painless, and non-invasive procedure conducted by a specialist in a medical center.

The test is helpful in diagnosing osteoporosis, a disease that makes bones weak and fragile, susceptible to fractures. Hence, bone density testing can help you to monitor your bone health and prevent severe fractures that can impact your quality of life.

Who Should Consider Bone Density Testing?

Bone density testing is generally recommended for people at high risk of developing osteoporosis.

However, doctors may also advise bone density testing for individuals who have sustained a fracture due to minor trauma, or who have been diagnosed with a medical condition that can result in bone loss.

Below are some categories of people who could benefit from bone density testing:.

1. Postmenopausal women

Women who have gone through menopause, especially those with a family history of osteoporosis, should consider getting a bone density test. Estrogen deficiency after menopause can lead to bone loss and increase the risk of fractures in women.

According to research, one in two women over 50 years old will experience an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime.

2. Individuals with a history of fractures

If you have previously experienced a fracture due to a slight injury or fall, you may be at risk of developing osteoporosis. A bone density test is an efficient tool in diagnosing or detecting low bone mass, which could lead to fractures.

3. Individuals with a history of medical conditions

People with a medical history of diseases such as lupus, hyperthyroidism, chronic kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism, and rheumatoid arthritis may suffer from bone loss and should consider a bone density test.

Having an early detection of bone loss can help doctors recommend treatments to keep your bones healthy.

4. Individuals taking steroid medication

People taking steroid medications for a prolonged period, such as prednisone, can increase their chances of bone loss and osteoporosis.

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This medication can reduce the bone mass, increase calcium excretion, and alter the production of hormones that maintain bone density. It is, therefore, advisable to consider a bone density test if you have been taking such medication for an extended period.

5. Individuals with a family history of osteoporosis

If your family has a history of osteoporosis, you should consider getting screened for bone density. Even though osteoporosis is more common in women, men with a family history of osteoporosis are also at risk.

Early screening and detection can help you initiate measures to keep your bones healthy.

How is Bone Density Testing done?

Bone density tests are performed using specialized equipment that measures the low energy x-ray absorption by the spine, hip, or other bones. There are different ways to measure bone density, but the most common methods include:.

1. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA)

DXA is the most widely used method to measure bone density. The test is designed to evaluate the hip and spine, and it is generally safe and non-invasive.

During the test, you will lie down on a table while the technician scans a low-dose x-ray beam over your hip and spine. This method takes approximately 10-15 minutes to complete, and the results appear on a computer screen instantly.

2. Quantitative ultrasound

This test is another non-invasive method that uses sound waves to identify changes in bone density. The test is performed on your heel, shinbones, or finger bone. It is a less expensive and quicker way to evaluate bone density than DEXA.

However, it may not be as accurate as the DEXA test.

3. CT scan

A CT scan captures the image of your bones using specialized x-rays and provides a detailed view of the bones. This test is reserved for high-risk individuals or when there is a need to look at a particular area to evaluate bone density.

Conclusion

Bone density testing helps in diagnosing osteoporosis, identifying bone loss, and monitoring your bone health.

It is essential to consider a bone density test if you are at high risk of developing osteoporosis, experiencing unexplained bone pain, or have sustained a fracture from minor trauma. Detecting bone loss early on can help prevent severe fractures and improve your quality of life. Consult with your doctor if you are at risk of developing osteoporosis or have any concerns about bone density testing.