Migraines are more than just a headache. They can be incredibly debilitating, causing intense pain, nausea, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound.

For those who suffer from migraines, the condition can be frustrating and overwhelming, especially when it interferes with daily life. But when a migraine attack becomes severe enough, it can cause a type of paralysis that’s terrifying to experience.

Types of Migraines

Before we dive into the details of migraines that cause paralysis, let’s first take a look at the two main types of migraines: with aura and without aura.

Migraines with Aura

Migraines with aura are less common, accounting for only about 25% of all migraines. Aura symptoms typically develop gradually and can last up to an hour before the headache hits. These symptoms may include:.

Visual disturbances, such as blind spots, flashing lights, zigzag lines, or double vision
Sensory changes, such as tingling or numbness in the face, hands, or feet
Speech disturbances, such as difficulty speaking or slurred speech
Muscle weakness or difficulty moving

Once the aura symptoms have subsided, the headache typically follows. The headache may last anywhere from a few hours to a few days and may be accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Migraines without Aura

Migraines without aura, also known as common migraines, are much more common, accounting for about 75% of all migraines.

These migraines typically cause throbbing pain on one side of the head and may be accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Hemiplegic Migraines

Hemiplegic migraines are a subtype of migraines with aura that can cause temporary paralysis on one side of the body. They are a rare form of migraine, affecting only about 0.1% of the population.

The symptoms of a hemiplegic migraine are similar to those of a typical migraine with aura, but with the addition of temporary paralysis.

The paralysis may be mild, causing a slight weakness on one side of the body, or it may be severe, resulting in complete paralysis of one side of the body. Other symptoms may include:.

Visual disturbances
Sensory changes
Speech disturbances
Lightheadedness or dizziness
Muscle stiffness or rigidity
Confusion

The paralysis usually lasts for a few hours, but in some cases, it can last for days or even weeks. During this time, the affected limb or side of the body may feel heavy, weak, numb, or tingling.

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Cause of Hemiplegic Migraines

The exact cause of hemiplegic migraines is not yet fully understood, but studies suggest that a mutation in certain genes may be responsible. Hemiplegic migraines are often familial, meaning that they run in families.

If one parent has the condition, their child has a 50% chance of inheriting it.

Other factors that can trigger hemiplegic migraines include:.

Stress
Lack of sleep
Dehydration
Bright lights
Loud noises

Treatment for Hemiplegic Migraines

Because hemiplegic migraines are a rare and complex form of migraine, treatment can be challenging. The first step is usually to identify and avoid triggers, such as stress and bright lights.

Over-the-counter pain relievers are usually ineffective in treating hemiplegic migraines, and may even worsen the symptoms.

In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage the symptoms. Treatment may involve medications such as:.

Triptans, which are used to treat migraines
Anticonvulsants, which are used to prevent seizures
Muscle relaxants, which are used to reduce muscle stiffness

Because hemiplegic migraines can cause paralysis, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately if you experience symptoms. Treatment may help prevent complications and reduce the risk of future episodes.

If you experience paralysis as a result of a migraine, it can be a scary and frustrating experience. Here are a few tips for coping:.

Stay calm and try to remain still. Moving too much can worsen the paralysis.
Apply ice or a cold compress to the affected limb to reduce swelling and inflammation.
Practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditation, to reduce stress and anxiety.
Take your medication as prescribed.
Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.
Rest in a dark, quiet room to reduce sensory stimulation.
Lean on friends and family for emotional support.

Conclusion

Migraines can be more than just a headache. For those who experience hemiplegic migraines, the condition can be particularly challenging, causing temporary paralysis on one side of the body.

While there is no cure for hemiplegic migraines, treatment may help manage the symptoms and prevent complications. If you experience symptoms of a hemiplegic migraine, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately.