Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a medical condition where the arteries in your legs become narrow or blocked with fatty deposits, which restricts blood flow to your limbs.

If left untreated, it can cause severe pain, muscle damage, and even gangrene in the affected areas. PAD is a common disease affecting millions of people worldwide. While the condition can affect anyone, certain groups of people are more susceptible to it than others. In this article, we will explore the risk factors that contribute to PAD.

Age

Age is a significant risk factor for PAD. As we get older, certain changes occur in our body that affects blood vessels. Our arteries become less flexible, narrower, and stiffer, which can lead to a buildup of plaque.

According to the American Heart Association (AHA), people aged 50 years and older are more likely to develop PAD.

Smoking

Smoking is a significant risk factor for developing PAD. Smoking cigarettes damages the lining of blood vessels, reduces blood flow, and increases the risk of blood clots.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), smokers are four times more likely to develop PAD than non-smokers. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce the risk of developing the condition and improve the overall health of your blood vessels.

Diabetes

Diabetes is a medical condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. People with diabetes have a higher risk of developing PAD due to damage to blood vessels and nerves.

Diabetes affects the function of blood vessels, causing them to narrow and harden, which can lead to a higher risk of PAD. The AHA reports that people with diabetes have a 2-4 times higher risk of developing PAD than non-diabetics.

High Cholesterol

High cholesterol levels in the blood are a significant risk factor for developing PAD. Cholesterol is a type of fat that can accumulate in your artery walls, leading to a buildup of plaque that can block blood flow.

People with high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as “bad” cholesterol, are more likely to develop PAD. The AHA recommends that adults aged 20 or older should have their cholesterol checked every 4-6 years. If you have high cholesterol levels, talk to your doctor about ways to lower it, such as through medication and lifestyle changes.

High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a significant risk factor for PAD. High blood pressure puts added pressure on blood vessels, causing them to become narrower and less flexible. This can lead to a higher risk of developing PAD.

The AHA recommends that adults should have their blood pressure checked at least once every two years, and more often if they have a history of high blood pressure or other risk factors.

Obesity

Obesity is another significant risk factor for developing PAD. Being overweight or obese can lead to an increased risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, which are all risk factors for PAD.

The AHA reports that people with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher are at an increased risk of developing PAD.

Inactivity

Lack of physical activity is a risk factor for developing PAD. Regular exercise can improve blood flow and keep your blood vessels healthy. People who are not active are more likely to develop PAD than those who regularly engage in physical activity.

The AHA recommends that adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.

Family History

If you have a family history of PAD, you have a higher risk of developing the condition. Certain genetic factors can make some people more susceptible to developing PAD.

If you have a family history of the condition, it is essential to speak to your doctor about ways to lower your risk.

Gender

Men have a higher risk of developing PAD than women. However, women are also at risk of developing the condition, especially those who smoke, have diabetes, or a family history of PAD.

Race

Some ethnic groups have a higher risk of developing PAD than others. African Americans have a higher prevalence of PAD than Caucasians due to a higher prevalence of risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes.

Hispanic Americans and Native Americans are also at a higher risk of developing the condition.

Conclusion

Peripheral arterial disease is a serious medical condition that can significantly impact your quality of life. While anyone can develop the condition, certain groups of people are more susceptible to it than others.

Age, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, inactivity, family history, gender, and race are all risk factors that can contribute to the development of PAD. By understanding the risk factors, you can take proactive steps to reduce your risk, such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and eating a balanced diet.