The Achilles tendon, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a fibrous cord that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. It is one of the strongest tendons in the body and is responsible for extending the foot and pointing the toes downwards.

While the tendon can withstand a considerable amount of pressure, it is still prone to injury, which can be debilitating and take a long time to heal. In this article, we explore who is most susceptible to Achilles tendon injuries.

Age

Age plays a significant role in the incidence of Achilles tendon injuries. As we age, our tendons become less flexible and more prone to rupture or injury.

Studies have shown that the risk of Achilles tendon injury increases after the age of 30 and peaks between the ages of 40 and 50. However, this does not mean that younger people are immune to Achilles injury, as the tendon can be strained or torn due to sudden and intense physical activity.

Gender

Men are more likely than women to suffer from Achilles tendon injuries. This is thought to be due to differences in muscle mass and strength, as well as hormonal and anatomical differences.

Men also tend to engage in more high-impact activities, such as sports, which increase the risk of Achilles tendon injury.

Physical Activity Level

People who engage in regular physical activity, particularly high-impact activities, are more likely to sustain an Achilles tendon injury.

This includes athletes who participate in sports that require sudden accelerations, decelerations, and changes in direction, such as basketball, soccer, and tennis. Running, especially long-distance running, is also a common cause of Achilles tendon injuries.

Additionally, people who are not used to regular physical activity but suddenly engage in intense physical activity are also at risk of Achilles tendon injury.

Obesity

Obesity or being overweight puts additional stress on the body’s joints, including the Achilles tendon. This can lead to wear and tear on the tendon, making it more susceptible to injury.

In addition, obesity can lead to a decrease in muscle mass and strength, which can affect the tendon’s ability to absorb shock and stress.

Previous Injuries

Having a previous Achilles tendon injury significantly increases the risk of future injuries. This is because scar tissue can form during the healing process, making the tendon weaker and less flexible.

The likelihood of re-injuring the Achilles tendon is higher if the previous injury was not given adequate time to heal or if the injury was not properly treated.

Foot Anatomy

People with flat feet or high arches are more susceptible to Achilles tendon injuries.

Flat feet can lead to overpronation, which puts additional stress on the Achilles tendon, while high arches can lead to supination, which also puts pressure on the tendon. People with foot deformities or ankle instability are also at a higher risk of Achilles tendon injuries.

Medications

Certain medications, particularly fluoroquinolone antibiotics, have been linked to Achilles tendon injuries. These antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections but have been found to increase the risk of tendon rupture.

Other medications, such as corticosteroids, can also weaken the tendon and increase the risk of Achilles tendon injury.

Conclusion

Achilles tendon injuries can be debilitating and take a long time to heal. While anyone can sustain an Achilles tendon injury, certain factors can increase the risk.

Age, gender, physical activity level, obesity, previous injuries, foot anatomy, and certain medications can all increase the likelihood of Achilles tendon injury. Understanding these risk factors can help people take steps to prevent injury and protect their Achilles tendon.