Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. According to the American Cancer Society, more than 100,000 new cases of colon cancer are diagnosed in the United States every year.

It is also the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women. The good news is that colon cancer is highly treatable when detected early. One of the most effective ways to detect colon cancer early is through a colonoscopy.

What is a colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inside of your large intestine (colon) using a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope.

The colonoscope is equipped with a camera and a light that allows the doctor to see the lining of the colon and any abnormalities. During the procedure, the doctor can also remove tissue samples for biopsy and remove any abnormal growths, such as polyps.

Who should get a colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy is recommended for average-risk individuals starting at age 50.

However, if you have a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors, such as inflammatory bowel disease, your doctor may recommend that you start screening earlier or have more frequent screenings.

What are the benefits of colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy can detect colon cancer in its early stages when it is most treatable. In fact, if precancerous polyps are found and removed during the screening, colon cancer can often be prevented before it even develops.

Colonoscopy can also identify other conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, and ulcerative colitis, which can be treated more effectively when detected early.

What are the risks of colonoscopy?

Like any medical procedure, colonoscopy has some risks. These include bleeding, perforation of the colon, and adverse reactions to sedation.

However, the risks of colonoscopy are generally very low, and the benefits of early detection and prevention of colon cancer far outweigh the risks.

How to prepare for a colonoscopy?

To prepare for a colonoscopy, your doctor will provide detailed instructions, which may include a clear liquid diet the day before the procedure, laxatives or enemas to empty your colon, and medications to help you relax during the procedure.

It is important to follow the instructions carefully to ensure that the colon is thoroughly cleaned and the procedure is successful.

What to expect during a colonoscopy?

During a colonoscopy, you will lie on your side on an examination table. Your doctor will insert the colonoscope into your rectum and slowly guide it through your colon. The procedure usually lasts about 30 minutes to an hour.

You may experience some discomfort, bloating, or cramping during the procedure, but these symptoms should subside shortly afterward.

What to expect after a colonoscopy?

After a colonoscopy, you will need to rest for a little while until the effects of the sedation wear off. You may also experience some bloating or gas, but this is normal and should subside within a few hours.

It is important to follow your doctor’s post-procedure instructions, which may include dietary restrictions for a short period of time, and to contact your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms, such as fever, severe abdominal pain, or rectal bleeding.

Conclusion

Colonoscopy is a highly effective screening tool for colon cancer and other conditions of the large intestine.

It is recommended for average-risk individuals starting at age 50, and for those with a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors, screening may be recommended earlier or more frequently. The benefits of colonoscopy in detecting and preventing colon cancer far outweigh the risks, which are generally low. If you are due for a screening, talk to your doctor about scheduling a colonoscopy today.