World Diabetes Day is observed on November 14 every year to create awareness about diabetes and its complications.

The theme for the year 2017 is “Women and diabetes – our right to a healthy future.” Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Hormonal changes and other factors unique to women put them at a higher risk of developing diabetes and related complications.

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot use the glucose (sugar) in the blood properly. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body’s cells.

When glucose levels in the blood rise, the body produces insulin, a hormone that helps to move glucose from the blood into the cells. In people with diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use insulin effectively, leading to high blood glucose levels.

Types of Diabetes

There are three main types of diabetes:.

Type 1 Diabetes

Also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

People with type 1 diabetes require daily insulin injections to survive.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for over 90% of all diabetes cases. It develops when the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin.

Type 2 diabetes is usually managed with a combination of diet, exercise, and medication.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It affects about 10% of all pregnancies and usually goes away after delivery.

Women who develop gestational diabetes are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

The Hormonal Connection

Hormones play a significant role in the development of diabetes in women. Hormone imbalances can lead to insulin resistance, which increases the risk of developing diabetes.

The following are some of the hormonal factors that can contribute to diabetes in women:.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts on the ovaries, irregular periods, and high levels of androgens (male hormones) in the body.

Women with PCOS are at higher risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy hormones can cause insulin resistance, especially in the latter half of pregnancy. This is a normal response that ensures that the growing fetus receives enough glucose.

However, in some women, the insulin resistance becomes severe, leading to gestational diabetes.

Menopause

Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman’s reproductive years. The drop in estrogen levels during menopause can cause insulin resistance, putting women at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Preventing Diabetes in Women

Diabetes is a preventable condition in most cases. The following are some of the ways to prevent diabetes in women:.

Maintain a Healthy Weight

Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes. Women should maintain a healthy weight by following a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity.

Eat a Healthy Diet

A healthy diet is essential for preventing diabetes. Women should consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.

Exercise Regularly

Physical activity can help to maintain a healthy weight and prevent insulin resistance. Women should aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.

Quit Smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for diabetes and other chronic conditions. Women should quit smoking to reduce their risk of developing diabetes.

Get Regular Check-Ups

Regular check-ups can help to detect diabetes and other chronic conditions early. Women should visit their healthcare provider regularly and undergo routine blood sugar tests.

Treatment of Diabetes in Women

The treatment of diabetes in women depends on the type and severity of diabetes. The following are some of the treatments for diabetes in women:.

Lifestyle Changes

Lifestyle changes, such as following a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking, are essential for managing diabetes.

Medication

Medication is often required to manage diabetes. Women with type 1 diabetes require insulin injections, while women with type 2 diabetes may require oral medication or insulin injections.

Blood Sugar Monitoring

Women with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels regularly to ensure that they are within the normal range.

Complication Management

Women with diabetes are at higher risk of developing complications such as heart disease, kidney disease, nerve damage, and eye damage. It is essential to manage these complications to prevent further damage.

Conclusion

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people around the world. Women are at higher risk of developing diabetes due to hormonal changes and other factors unique to women.

By making healthy lifestyle choices and undergoing regular check-ups, women can prevent and manage diabetes and lead a healthy life.