The use of contraceptives is a common practice among women, as it helps to prevent unintended pregnancy and reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.

However, recent studies indicate that contraceptives might be associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation among women. This article examines the relationship between contraceptives and suicidal ideation.

Contraceptives overview

Contraceptives are a form of birth control that can prevent unwanted pregnancy. Contraceptives can be in the form of pills, injections, implants, intrauterine devices, and barrier methods such as condoms.

These methods work by preventing ovulation, fertilization, or implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus. While contraceptives are highly effective, they also have some side effects.

Suicidal ideation overview

Suicidal ideation is the presence of thoughts related to suicide. Suicidal ideation can range from fleeting thoughts to detailed planning.

While many people experience suicidal thoughts at some point in their lives, suicide is a leading cause of death among young people globally. Suicidal ideation is often associated with depression and other mental health disorders.

Contraceptives and suicidal ideation

Several studies have suggested an association between the use of contraceptives and suicidal ideation.

A study published in JAMA Psychiatry in 2017 found that women who used hormonal contraceptives had a higher risk of suicidal ideation compared to those who never used contraceptives. The study analyzed data from more than 500,000 women in Denmark over a period of 30 years. Another study published in The American Journal of Psychiatry in 2018 found similar results.

The study analyzed data from more than 1 million women in Sweden over a period of 7 years, and found that women who used hormonal contraceptives had a higher risk of suicide attempt and completed suicide compared to those who never used contraceptives.

Possible mechanisms

The exact mechanisms through which contraceptives might increase the risk of suicidal ideation are not fully understood. However, some researchers have suggested that hormonal changes caused by contraceptives might play a role.

Hormones such as estrogen and progesterone can affect mood, cognition, and behavior. Disruptions in the balance of these hormones might trigger depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders, which in turn might increase the risk of suicidal ideation.

Other factors to consider

While the studies discussed above suggest an association between contraceptives and suicidal ideation, it is important to note that other factors might also be at play.

For example, women who use contraceptives might have pre-existing mental health conditions that increase their risk of suicidal ideation. Similarly, women who have experienced unintended pregnancy might also be at an increased risk of suicidal ideation due to the stress and stigma associated with the experience.

It is also possible that factors such as age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education level might influence the relationship between contraceptives and suicidal ideation.

Clinical implications

The findings discussed in this article suggest that healthcare providers should be aware of the possible link between contraceptives and suicidal ideation.

Women who use contraceptives should be screened for mental health conditions and suicidal ideation regularly. Healthcare providers should also discuss the possible side effects of contraceptives with their patients, and provide support and resources for those who experience side effects such as depression or anxiety.

Finally, women who experience suicidal ideation should seek help immediately, as suicide is a preventable cause of death.

Conclusion

The relationship between contraceptives and suicidal ideation is complex and multifactorial. While some studies suggest an association between the two, it is important to consider other factors that might influence the relationship.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the possible link between contraceptives and suicidal ideation, and provide support and resources for women who use contraceptives.