Narcissism is a personality trait that is characterized by an excessive sense of self-importance, and an obsessive preoccupation with one’s own image and achievements.

It is a complex construct that has been studied extensively in psychology and is commonly perceived as a negative trait that impairs social interactions and psychological well-being. While narcissism is prevalent in both genders, research suggests that male narcissism is more intense than female narcissism.

Background

Historically, narcissism has been associated with the male gender. In fact, the term “narcissism” is derived from Greek mythology, where Narcissus was a male character who became obsessed with his own reflection.

This gender bias has persisted in contemporary times, as research suggests that men are more likely to exhibit narcissistic traits compared to women.

Research Findings

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Buffalo in New York found that men scored higher than women in measures of grandiose narcissism, a form of narcissism characterized by a sense of superiority, entitlement, and exhibitionism.

Additionally, men were found to exhibit higher levels of aggression and hostility than women, which are common correlates of narcissism.

Other research studies have also found similar gender differences in narcissism. A meta-analysis published in the journal Psychological Bulletin found that men scored higher than women in measures of narcissism across different age groups and cultures.

The study, which reviewed data from over 600,000 participants from around the world, concluded that male narcissism is more prevalent and intense than female narcissism.

Psychological Mechanisms

There are several psychological mechanisms that may explain why men are more prone to narcissism than women.

One of them is socialization, which refers to the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors that are deemed appropriate for their gender. Boys are often taught to be competitive, assertive, and dominant, which may fuel their sense of entitlement and superiority.

Another mechanism is the role of power and status. Men are more likely than women to occupy positions of power and influence in society, which may contribute to their inflated sense of self-importance.

Additionally, men may use narcissistic strategies to maintain and enhance their status, such as self-promotion, self-aggrandizement, and undermining rivals.

Implications

The prevalence of male narcissism has several implications for individuals and society.

At the individual level, male narcissists are more likely to engage in risky and impulsive behaviors, experience relationship conflicts and instability, and have lower levels of empathy and emotional regulation. At the societal level, male narcissists are more likely to engage in corrupt, exploitative, and unethical behaviors, which can have wide-ranging consequences for public welfare and trust in institutions.

Treatment

Treating narcissistic personality disorder, which is the most severe form of narcissism, can be challenging.

However, psychotherapy approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and psychodynamic therapy have been found to be effective in reducing symptoms and improving functioning. It is important to note that treatment outcomes may vary depending on the severity and persistence of the narcissistic traits, as well as the client’s motivation and commitment to change.

Conclusion

Narcissism is a personality trait that is prevalent in both genders, but male narcissism is more intense than female narcissism. This gender difference has been supported by research across different cultures and age groups.

The causes of male narcissism are complex and multifaceted, but they are likely to involve socialization, power dynamics, and psychological mechanisms such as entitlement and aggression. Addressing male narcissism has important implications for both individuals and society, as it can improve psychological well-being and promote ethical and responsible behavior.