Logical reasoning is a thought process that enables us to make decisions and reach conclusions based on facts and evidence. It is an essential skill that allows us to analyze situations and solve problems critically.

The laws of logical reasoning are tools for gaining clarity, precision, and accuracy in any argument. These laws are unbreakable because they are based on mathematical and logical principles, and they are applicable in any situation that requires sound thinking. In this article, we will discuss the ten unbreakable laws of logical reasoning.

Law 1: The Law of Identity

The law of identity states that a thing is what it is, and cannot be anything else. In other words, everything has a unique identity and cannot be other than what it is. For example, a tree is a tree, a chair is a chair, and a person is a person.

This law is important to establish the basis of any argument.

Law 2: The Law of Non-Contradiction

The law of non-contradiction states that a statement cannot be both true and false at the same time. For example, a person cannot be both alive and dead simultaneously. This law helps to prevent inconsistency in any argument.

Law 3: The Law of Excluded Middle

The law of excluded middle states that a statement is either true or false, and there is no middle ground. For example, a glass is either half full or half empty. This law helps to eliminate any ambiguity in an argument.

Law 4: The Law of Rational Inference

The law of rational inference states that if two statements are true, and the relationship between them is established, then the conclusion must also be true.

This law is the basis of deductive reasoning, and it helps to draw logical conclusions from a given set of premises.

Law 5: The Law of Modus Ponens

The law of modus ponens is a specific application of the law of rational inference. It states that if the antecedent of an argument is true, then the consequent must also be true. For example, if it is raining, then the streets are wet.

Therefore, if the streets are wet, it must be raining. This law is an important tool for validating a given argument.

Law 6: The Law of Modus Tollens

The law of modus tollens is another specific application of the law of rational inference. It states that if the consequent of an argument is false, then the antecedent must also be false. For example, if it is not raining, then the streets are not wet.

Therefore, if the streets are not wet, it must not be raining. This law helps to eliminate any false assumptions in an argument.

Law 7: The Law of Syllogism

The law of syllogism is a combination of two valid logical arguments. It states that if a conclusion of one argument is the premise of another argument, then the final conclusion must also be true.

For example, if all humans are mortal, and Socrates is human, then Socrates is mortal. This law helps to build complex arguments by combining simple arguments.

Law 8: The Law of Transitivity

The law of transitivity states that if two things are equal to a third thing, then they are equal to each other. For example, if A = B and B = C, then A = C. This law helps to make connections between different elements of an argument.

Law 9: The Law of Contraposition

The law of contraposition is an application of the law of modus tollens. It states that if the consequent of an argument is false, then the antecedent must also be false. For example, if it is not raining, then the streets are not wet.

Therefore, if the streets are wet, it must be raining. This law helps to reverse the argument and to make logical deductions.

Law 10: The Law of Reasoning by Analogy

The law of reasoning by analogy is a way to apply known principles and concepts to new situations. It states that if two things are alike in some way, then they are alike in other ways as well.

For example, if a cat can climb trees, and a tiger is a type of cat, then a tiger can climb trees. This law helps to make inferences based on similarities between different elements.

Conclusion

The laws of logical reasoning are essential tools for making sound judgments and conclusions. They are based on mathematical and logical principles and are applicable in any situation requiring sound thinking.

The ten unbreakable laws of logical reasoning are the law of identity, the law of non-contradiction, the law of excluded middle, the law of rational inference, the law of modus ponens, the law of modus tollens, the law of syllogism, the law of transitivity, the law of contraposition, and the law of reasoning by analogy. By understanding and applying these laws, we can make sound arguments, draw logical conclusions, and avoid common mistakes in reasoning.