Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the way your body processes blood sugar. It is estimated that over 34 million people in the US have diabetes, with over 90% of those cases being type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is often preventable and manageable through diet, exercise, and medication, but many people may not realize they are at risk for developing the disease. It is important to understand the factors that can contribute to developing diabetes so that you can take steps to prevent it.

What is Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body processes glucose (sugar), which is the main source of energy for your body.

Typically, your body produces insulin to help transport the glucose from your bloodstream into your cells, where it can be used for energy. However, if your body doesn’t produce enough insulin, or if your cells are resistant to insulin, the glucose can build up in your bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels and potential damage to your organs and tissues over time.

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, which means that the body can’t produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

This type of diabetes is typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and is not preventable. People with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy to manage their blood sugar levels.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for over 90% of cases. This type of diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin, or when the pancreas can’t produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed in adulthood, but it can occur in children. It is often preventable and manageable through lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and medication.

Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes

There are many risk factors that can increase your likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. Understanding these risk factors can help you take steps to prevent the disease. Some of the most common risk factors include:.

Obesity or being overweight
Lack of physical activity
Poor diet, high in processed foods and sugar
Family history of diabetes
Age (risk increases after 45 years old)
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
High cholesterol levels
History of gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy)
History of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Smoking

Preventing Type 2 Diabetes

Thankfully, many of the risk factors for type 2 diabetes are modifiable through lifestyle changes. Here are some steps you can take to prevent or manage type 2 diabetes:.

Lose weight if you are overweight or obese
Incorporate exercise into your daily routine- aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise per day
Eat a healthy, balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein
Avoid or limit processed foods, sugary drinks, and high-fat foods
Quit smoking if you are a smoker
Get regular check-ups and screenings, especially if you have a family history of diabetes or other risk factors

Diabetes Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of diabetes can vary, but some common symptoms include:.

Increased thirst and urination
Extreme hunger
Fatigue and weakness
Blurred vision
Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal
Tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands or feet

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to speak to your doctor. They can perform tests to diagnose diabetes, such as a fasting plasma glucose test, hemoglobin A1C test, or an oral glucose tolerance test.

Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes

If you are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, there are several treatment options available to manage the disease and prevent complications. These can include:.

Medications to regulate blood sugar levels, such as insulin or oral medications
Lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise
Monitoring and controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels
Regular check-ups and screening for diabetes-related complications such as eye disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage

Conclusion

Diabetes is a chronic disease with serious potential complications, but it is often preventable and manageable through lifestyle changes.

If you are at risk for type 2 diabetes, it’s important to understand the risk factors and take steps to prevent the disease. By making healthy choices such as maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet, you can reduce your risk of developing diabetes and live a healthier life.