2016 was a year of major discoveries in the field of nutrition. From new superfoods to revised dietary recommendations, researchers found new ways to improve our health through our diets. Here are some of the most important nutritional findings of 2016:.
1. The microbiome affects both body and mind
The microbiome – the population of bacteria that live in our digestive system – has been a hot topic in nutrition research for a while now. In 2016, researchers discovered that the microbiome affects more than just our digestion.
A study published in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity found that certain bacteria in the gut can produce neurotransmitters, which affect our mood and behavior. Another study, published in the International Journal of Obesity, found that obese people have a different microbiome than non-obese people.
2. Coconut oil may not be as healthy as we thought
Coconut oil enjoyed a surge in popularity in 2016, with many claiming that it has numerous health benefits.
However, a review of the scientific literature published in the Nutrition Reviews journal found that the evidence for these claims is weak. The authors concluded that while coconut oil is not harmful, it should not be considered a “superfood.”.
3. Vitamin D deficiency may be more widespread than previously thought
Vitamin D is essential for bone health, and many people get it from sunlight. However, a study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that around 42% of Americans are deficient in vitamin D.
The study also found that people with darker skin pigmentation are at a higher risk of deficiency, as their skin requires more sunlight to produce vitamin D.
4. Nutritional recommendations for pregnant women may need to change
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that pregnant women may need more protein than previously thought.
The study also found that a diet high in carbohydrates during pregnancy can increase the risk of gestational diabetes, a condition that affects around 10% of pregnant women in the US.
5. Dark chocolate can improve athletic performance
A study published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition found that consuming dark chocolate can improve athletic performance.
The researchers found that the flavonoids in dark chocolate can increase oxygen availability during exercise, which can improve endurance. However, the study also noted that consuming too much dark chocolate can lead to weight gain, so it’s important to enjoy in moderation.
6. Fermented foods are good for gut health
Fermented foods, like kimchi and sauerkraut, have been shown to have numerous health benefits. In 2016, research focused specifically on the effects of fermented foods on the microbiome.
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A study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that consuming kimchi can increase the diversity of gut bacteria, which can improve digestion and overall health.
7. High-protein diets may not be good for everyone
While high-protein diets have been popular for weight loss and muscle building for years, researchers in 2016 found that they may not be beneficial for everyone.
A study published in the Cell Reports journal found that a high-protein diet may increase the risk of cancer in people who have liver damage.
8. Fiber is even more important than we thought
Most of us know that fiber is important for digestion and overall health. In 2016, researchers found that it may be even more important than we thought.
A study published in the The Lancet journal found that consuming high levels of dietary fiber can reduce the risk of chronic diseases, like heart disease and colon cancer.
9. Plant-based diets are better for the environment
A report published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that a plant-based diet is better for the environment than a meat-based diet.
The researchers found that a plant-based diet produces fewer greenhouse gases and uses less land and water than a meat-based diet. The study also found that switching to a plant-based diet can reduce the risk of chronic diseases and, in some cases, be more cost-effective.
10. Mindful eating can improve diet quality
Mindful eating – the practice of paying close attention to, and savoring, each bite of food – has been shown to have numerous health benefits. In 2016, researchers found that mindful eating can improve diet quality.
A study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found that people who practice mindful eating consume fewer calories, have a lower body mass index, and are more likely to eat a balanced diet.
Conclusion
2016 was a year of breakthroughs in nutrition research. From the microbiome to plant-based diets, researchers found new ways to improve our health through our diets.
These discoveries have important implications for our overall health and well-being, and will likely continue to shape the way we eat for years to come.
