Weight loss is a common health concern, with numerous articles, diet plans, and wellness programs dedicated to it.

While gradual weight loss through a combination of healthy eating and exercise is generally preferred, sudden weight loss can occur due to a variety of reasons – both benign and serious. In this article, we will investigate the scientific explanation for sudden weight loss, its causes, and when to consult a medical professional.

What constitutes sudden weight loss?

Sudden weight loss is defined as the loss of 10 pounds or more within a period of six months or less, without any intentional changes in diet or exercise.

While desirable weight loss may be intended and achieved through diet, exercise, or bariatric surgery, sudden and unexplainable weight loss can signal an underlying health problem.

Physical Causes of Sudden Weight Loss

There are various physical causes of sudden weight loss, which are explained below:.

Hyperthyroidism:

Hyperthyroidism is a medical condition where the thyroid gland in the neck produces an excess of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism.

Consequently, the body burns calories at a faster rate and the person experiences symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, increased appetite, and rapid heartbeat. Hyperthyroidism can be treated through medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery, depending on its severity.

Cancer:

Cancer is a serious illness that can cause sudden weight loss due to a variety of reasons. Tumors in the pancreas, stomach, lung, or colon can interfere with digestion and cause malabsorption of nutrients, leading to weight loss.

In addition, chemotherapy and radiation, common cancer treatments, can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, further contributing to weight loss. If you are experiencing sudden weight loss and have a history of cancer, it is essential to consult an oncologist immediately.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that causes inflammation of the digestive tract. The two primary forms of IBD are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis that causes symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss.

There is no cure for IBD. Treatment involves medications, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery to alleviate the symptoms.

Celiac Disease:

Celiac Disease is a genetic autoimmune disease where the body cannot tolerate gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley.

When someone with celiac disease consumes gluten, it damages the small intestine’s lining, leading to malabsorption of nutrients, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. This malabsorption leads to weight loss and other symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea. Celiac disease can be managed through a gluten-free diet, which involves eliminating all sources of gluten, including wheat, barley, and rye.

HIV/AIDS:

HIV and AIDS are viral infections that damage the immune system, making the body vulnerable to other diseases and infections.

Weight loss is a common symptom of HIV/AIDS, due to wasting syndrome caused by the body’s inability to absorb nutrients and produce sufficient energy. Treatment for HIV/AIDS involves antiretroviral therapy, which helps decrease the viral load and improve the immune system function, and other supportive therapies.

Psychological Causes of Sudden Weight Loss

Sudden weight loss can also be due to psychological causes such as stress, anxiety, and depression. These conditions can affect appetite and result in weight loss.

In some cases, they can lead to eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder. If you think you have a psychological cause for sudden weight loss, speak to a mental health professional or your medical doctor to discuss treatment options.

Other Causes of Sudden Weight Loss

Aside from physical and psychological causes, there are other factors that can lead to sudden weight loss:.

Medications:

Some medications can lead to weight loss as a side effect. These include antidepressants, stimulants, and antibiotics. If you are experiencing sudden weight loss and are taking medications, ask your doctor if they are possibly related.

Substance Abuse:

Substance abuse, particularly with alcohol, can lead to weight loss as it contains empty calories, and people suffering from addiction often neglect their health and well-being, resulting in appetite loss and weight loss.

Substance abuse is a serious issue that requires professional help to overcome.

When to Consult a Medical Professional?

Sudden weight loss can be a symptom of a serious illness or a benign condition. If you experience sudden weight loss without any intentional dietary or exercise changes, it is essential to consult a medical professional to evaluate the underlying cause.

Early detection and timely management of any illness can aid in successful recovery.

Conclusion

In conclusion, sudden weight loss is a condition that should not be ignored. Physical, psychological, and other causes lead to it, and they require attention and timely intervention.

Speak to your medical doctor if you experience sudden weight loss, and do not delay any health changes that cause concern.