Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. It leads to the destruction of myelin, a protective sheath that surrounds nerve fibers.

This damage disrupts communication between the brain and other parts of the body leading to various physical and cognitive symptoms. While there is no cure for MS, nutrition has been shown to play a critical role in managing MS symptoms and slowing disease progression.

What Should You Eat If You Have MS?

MS symptoms can vary widely from person to person, but the disease generally causes inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

To manage these symptoms, a diet that is rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients may be beneficial. Here are some foods that may help people with MS:.

1. Fish and Nuts

Fish and nuts are a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, which have an anti-inflammatory effect on the body. Omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce inflammation in the brain and prevent damage to nerve cells.

Some good sources of omega-3 fatty acids include salmon, sardines, mackerel, walnuts, flaxseeds, and chia seeds.

2. Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables are an excellent source of antioxidants, which help protect cells from oxidative damage. Some particularly good sources include berries, oranges, grapes, tomatoes, spinach, kale, and sweet potatoes.

Some studies suggest that a diet high in fruits and vegetables may help reduce inflammation in the brain and improve cognitive function.

3. Whole Grains

Whole grains like brown rice, quinoa, and oats are a good source of fiber, which can help reduce inflammation in the body.

Whole grains also provide several vitamins and minerals, including B vitamins and vitamin E, which are important for brain function. In addition, some studies suggest that people who consume more whole grains may be less likely to develop MS.

4. Lean Protein

Lean protein is important for building and repairing tissues and muscles. Good sources of lean protein include chicken, fish, turkey, tofu, and beans.

These foods are also rich in several vitamins and minerals, including B vitamins, iron, and zinc, which are important for maintaining a healthy immune system.

5. Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for people with MS. Research suggests that low levels of vitamin D may be associated with a higher risk of developing MS and may also worsen symptoms.

Sunlight is the best source of vitamin D, but it can also be found in fortified dairy products, fatty fish, and mushrooms. However, many people with MS require supplementation to reach optimal vitamin D levels.

What Foods Should You Avoid If You Have MS?

While there are many foods that may be beneficial for people with MS, there are also some foods that may worsen symptoms. Here are some foods that people with MS may want to limit or avoid:.

1. Processed Foods

Processed foods are often high in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats, all of which can increase inflammation in the body. They are also low in nutrients and can contribute to weight gain, which can worsen MS symptoms.

Examples of processed foods include fast food, chips, candy, and soda.

2. Red Meat

Red meat is high in saturated fat, which can increase inflammation in the body and worsen MS symptoms. Processed meats like bacon and sausage are also particularly problematic as they typically contain added salt and preservatives.

People with MS may benefit from limiting or avoiding red meat and opting for leaner protein sources, such as chicken, fish, and tofu instead.

3. Dairy Products

Some people with MS may find that dairy products worsen their symptoms. This may be due to the fact that many dairy products contain saturated fat and casein, a protein that some people may be intolerant to.

People with MS may want to try eliminating or reducing their intake of dairy products to see if it improves their symptoms.

4. Gluten

Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Some people with MS may be sensitive to gluten, and it may worsen their symptoms. People with MS may want to try eliminating or reducing gluten in their diets to see if it improves their symptoms.

Gluten-free alternatives include quinoa, brown rice, and gluten-free oats.

The Bottom Line

While there is no cure for MS, nutrition plays an important role in managing symptoms and slowing disease progression.

A diet that is rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients, such as fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables, may help reduce inflammation and prevent damage to nerve cells. Additionally, people with MS may benefit from limiting their intake of processed foods, red meats, dairy products, and gluten as they can increase inflammation in the body and worsen MS symptoms.

Discussing these dietary changes with a registered dietitian is recommended to ensure that they fit with individual needs and preferences and do not inadvertently result in nutrient deficiencies.