Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are transmitted through sexual contact.

While most people associate STDs with genital infections, it’s important to note that they can also affect the mouth and throat through oral sex or close contact with infected areas. In this article, we will discuss common oral STDs and their symptoms, so you can be better informed and take the necessary precautions.

1. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

HSV is a viral infection that causes cold sores or fever blisters. It can be transmitted through oral-genital contact or direct contact with a herpes sore. Symptoms of oral herpes include:.

Painful sores or blisters on or around the lips, tongue, or inside the mouth.
Itching and tingling sensation before the formation of sores.
Flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes.

Herpes is a lifelong infection, and outbreaks may recur periodically, triggered by stress, illness, or a weakened immune system.

2. Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection that can affect various parts of the body, including the mouth, throat, and genitals. It is primarily transmitted through unprotected oral, vaginal, or anal sex. Symptoms of oral gonorrhea include:.

Sore throat, sometimes accompanied by difficulty swallowing or swollen lymph nodes.
Redness or swelling of the tonsils or back of the throat.
Pus-like discharge or white spots on the throat.

It’s important to note that gonorrhea can also be asymptomatic, meaning you may not experience any noticeable symptoms even if you are infected. Regular testing is crucial for early detection and treatment.

3. Syphilis

Syphilis is a bacterial infection that spreads through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. In its early stages, it can cause sores or lesions on the genitals or mouth. Symptoms of oral syphilis may include:.

Sores or ulcers on the lips, tongue, or inside the mouth.
Lesions that are usually painless and can go unnoticed.
Rash on the palms of hands or soles of feet.

If left untreated, syphilis can cause serious complications, including damage to the brain, heart, and other organs. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential.

4. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

HPV is a viral infection that is very common and easily transmitted through sexual activity, including oral sex. While most HPV infections don’t have symptoms and clear on their own, some high-risk strains can lead to oral and throat cancers.

Symptoms of oral HPV may include:.

Small, flesh-colored growths or warts in the mouth or throat.
Sore throat or difficulty swallowing.
Changes in voice or persistent hoarseness.

Vaccines are available to protect against certain strains of HPV, and regular screenings can help detect any abnormalities early on.

5. Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a bacterial infection that can be transmitted through oral, vaginal, or anal sex. While it commonly affects the genitals, it can also infect the throat. Symptoms of oral chlamydia may include:.

Sore throat with or without swelling of the tonsils.
Difficulty swallowing.
Less commonly, cough or fever.

Chlamydia often presents no symptoms, and if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as infertility. Regular testing is vital for early detection and treatment.

6. Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver, but it can also be transmitted through sexual contact.

While it is more commonly spread through vaginal or anal sex, it can also be transmitted through oral sex if there are open sores or bleeding gums. Symptoms of oral hepatitis B may include:.

Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
Fatigue, nausea, and vomiting.
Abdominal pain or discomfort.

Hepatitis B can cause both acute and chronic infections. Vaccination is highly recommended to prevent the spread of the virus.

7. HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a viral infection that attacks the immune system. It can be transmitted through various sexual activities, including oral sex, if there are open sores or cuts in the mouth or genital area.

Symptoms of oral HIV infection are similar to those of acute HIV infection:.

Sore throat and difficulty swallowing.
Oral thrush (a fungal infection causing white patches in the mouth).
Recurrent oral ulcers or canker sores.

Early detection and treatment are crucial in managing HIV and preventing the progression to AIDS.

8. Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a common curable sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite. While it primarily affects the genital area, it can also infect the mouth and throat through oral sex. Symptoms of oral trichomoniasis include:.

Sore throat, sometimes accompanied by redness and irritation.
Persistent cough or hoarseness.
Less commonly, difficulty swallowing or breathing.

It’s important to treat both partners to prevent reinfection, and practicing safe sex can help reduce the risk of transmission.

9. Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral infection that causes small, raised bumps on the skin. It is highly contagious and can be transmitted through close contact, including oral sex. Symptoms of oral molluscum contagiosum may include:.

Small, painless lesions or bumps on the lips, tongue, or inside the mouth.
The lesions may appear shiny, flesh-colored, or with a central indentation.
Itching or irritation in the affected areas.

Molluscum contagiosum usually clears up on its own, but treatment can help prevent its spread and speed up healing.

10. Candidiasis (Thrush)

Candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is a fungal infection caused by Candida yeast. While it primarily affects the mouth, it can be transmitted through oral sex. Symptoms of oral candidiasis include:.