When it comes to HIV/AIDS, early detection is critical. In fact, the earlier the virus is detected, the more effective treatment can be. One of the earliest signs of HIV infection is the presence of oral lesions or sores in the mouth.

What are oral lesions?

Oral lesions, also known as oral ulcers or oral sores, are open, painful sores that can develop on the lips, gums, tongue, and inside of the cheeks.

These lesions can be caused by a number of conditions, including viral infections, fungal infections, and traumatic injury. In people with HIV/AIDS, oral lesions are a common symptom of the virus and can often be the first sign of infection.

Types of oral lesions

There are several types of oral lesions that can occur in people with HIV/AIDS, including:.

Candidiasis: a fungal infection that causes white patches in the mouth and throat
Hairy leukoplakia: a condition characterized by white, raised areas on the tongue
Kaposi’s sarcoma: a type of cancer that can cause dark, raised patches on the skin and mouth
Herpes simplex virus: a viral infection that causes painful blisters around the mouth and lips
Aphthous ulcers: small, painful sores that can occur anywhere in the mouth

Why do oral lesions occur in HIV/AIDS?

Oral lesions are a common symptom of HIV/AIDS because the virus attacks the immune system, making it difficult for the body to fight off infections.

When the immune system is weakened, it becomes more susceptible to a range of infections, including those that cause oral lesions.

In addition to weakening the immune system, HIV/AIDS can also cause a range of other oral health issues, including gum disease, thrush, and dry mouth.

These issues can weaken the mouth’s natural defenses and make it easier for infections to take hold.

How are oral lesions diagnosed?

If you are experiencing oral lesions, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. A healthcare provider will perform a physical exam and may order tests, such as a blood test or biopsy, to determine the cause of the lesions.

If the lesions are caused by HIV/AIDS, the provider will also test for the virus.

How can oral lesions be treated?

The treatment for oral lesions will vary depending on the cause of the lesions. If the lesions are caused by an infection, such as candidiasis or herpes simplex virus, antiviral or antifungal drugs may be prescribed.

In some cases, over-the-counter medications, such as pain relievers or numbing gels, may also be recommended to help manage pain and discomfort.

In addition to medical treatment, there are also steps that can be taken at home to help manage oral lesions, such as:.

Practicing good oral hygiene, including brushing and flossing regularly
Avoiding irritating foods and drinks, such as spicy or acidic foods
Using a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush teeth and gums gently
Using a mouthwash that contains antimicrobial agents to help kill bacteria in the mouth

Preventing oral lesions

While oral lesions are a common symptom of HIV/AIDS, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing them:.

Avoiding risky behaviors, such as unprotected sexual activity or sharing needles
Getting tested for HIV regularly
Adhering to prescribed treatments for HIV/AIDS
Practicing good oral hygiene on a daily basis
Seeking medical attention as soon as possible if oral lesions or other symptoms occur

The bottom line

Early detection of HIV/AIDS is critical to effective treatment, and oral lesions can be one of the earliest warning signs of infection.

By understanding the symptoms and risk factors associated with HIV/AIDS, individuals can take steps to protect themselves and reduce the risk of developing oral lesions or other serious health issues.