Cold and allergic rhinitis share some common symptoms that can make it difficult for a person to distinguish which one they are suffering from.

The common cold is a viral infection that can affect the upper respiratory tract and is caused by different types of viruses. On the other hand, allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction triggered by allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander. In this article, we will discuss the differences between cold and allergic rhinitis and how to tell which one you have.

Cold Symptoms

The common cold can cause a wide range of symptoms that usually last for a few days. Some of the common symptoms of a cold include:.

Coughing
Headache
Sore throat
Fever
Nasal congestion
Runny nose
Sneezing

The symptoms of a cold usually develop gradually and can last for 7-10 days. The severity of the symptoms can vary from person to person and can be more severe in young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.

The common cold can be transmitted through air droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can also be spread by touching contaminated objects or surfaces and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.

Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms

Allergic rhinitis can cause symptoms that are similar to a cold, but they usually last longer and are more persistent. Some of the common symptoms of allergic rhinitis include:.

Nasal congestion
Itchy nose, roof of mouth, and throat
Runny nose
Sneezing
Watery eyes
Coughing
Postnasal drip

Allergic rhinitis symptoms develop when the body’s immune system overreacts to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold.

The immune system produces histamine and other chemicals in response to the allergens, causing inflammation and swelling in the nasal passages, throat, and eyes. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis can occur throughout the year (perennial rhinitis) or seasonally (seasonal rhinitis). The severity of the symptoms can vary depending on the level of exposure to the allergens.

Distinguishing Between Cold and Allergic Rhinitis

There are several factors that can help you determine whether you have a cold or allergic rhinitis:.

Duration of Symptoms

The duration of your symptoms can be a good indicator of whether you have a cold or allergic rhinitis. The common cold usually lasts for 7-10 days, while the symptoms of allergic rhinitis can persist for several weeks or even months.

Seasonal or Year-Round Symptoms

If your symptoms occur at the same time every year (especially during spring or fall), and you experience symptoms such as itchy eyes and nose, and wheezing, you may have seasonal allergic rhinitis.

If your symptoms occur throughout the year and are not related to seasonal changes, you may have perennial allergic rhinitis.

Presence of Fever

If you have a fever, it is most likely a sign of a cold. Allergic rhinitis does not usually cause fever.

Color of Nasal Discharge

The color of your nasal discharge can be an indicator of whether you have a cold or allergy. Yellow or green nasal discharge is usually a sign of a cold, while clear, thin discharge is a sign of allergies.

Itchy Eyes and Nose

If you experience itching in your eyes and nose, it is most likely a sign of allergic rhinitis. The common cold usually does not cause itching.

Sore Throat

A sore throat can be a symptom of both a cold and allergic rhinitis, but it is more commonly associated with a cold.

Type of Cough

The type of cough can also help differentiate between a cold and allergic rhinitis. A dry cough is more common with allergic rhinitis, while a wet cough is more common with a cold.

Response to Treatment

If your symptoms improve after taking an antihistamine medication, it is most likely a sign of allergic rhinitis.

A cold usually requires symptomatic treatment, such as rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relief medications, rather than specific medications to help manage the illness.

When to See a Doctor

If your symptoms persist for longer than 10 days, it is recommended to see a doctor to determine the cause of your symptoms. In some cases, a cold can lead to a bacterial infection, such as sinusitis or bronchitis, which may require antibiotics.

Allergic rhinitis can also lead to sinus infections or other complications if left untreated. It is also important to see a doctor if you experience severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or a high fever.

Conclusion

Cold and allergic rhinitis can share similar symptoms, but there are several factors that can help you differentiate between the two.

The duration of symptoms, seasonality, presence of fever, and type of nasal discharge can be indicators of whether you have a cold or allergic rhinitis. If your symptoms persist for a long time or worsen, it is recommended to see a doctor to determine the cause of your symptoms and receive the appropriate treatment.