Heart disease is the leading cause of death for women worldwide and is responsible for the loss of more lives than all forms of cancer combined.
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about one in five women in the United States will die from heart disease. Despite these alarming statistics, heart disease is often thought of as a “men’s issue,” leaving many women unaware of the risk factors and symptoms they should be looking for.
By understanding the risks and making lifestyle changes, women can take control of their heart health and decrease their chances of developing heart disease.
Why Are Women at Risk?
The prevalence of heart disease in women is believed to be due, in part, to hormonal differences.
Estrogen is thought to help protect the arteries by keeping them flexible and relaxed, but after menopause, when the level of estrogen drops, the risk of heart disease increases. However, heart disease can affect women of any age, and other risk factors include:.
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Diabetes
- Family history of heart disease
- Being overweight or obese
- Lack of physical activity
- Smoking
- Stress
Symptoms of Heart Disease in Women
The classic symptoms of heart attack, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and numbness in the left arm, are more commonly associated with men.
Women, however, may experience more subtle symptoms, which can make it harder to recognize that they are having a heart attack. Symtoms inclue:.
- Unusual fatigue
- Jaw pain or discomfort
- Upper back or shoulder pain
- Nausea or vomiting
- Shortness of breath
- Hand or arm pain
- Indigestion or heartburn
Prevention and Treatment
Preventing heart disease involves making lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, reducing stress, increasing physical activity, and following a healthy diet.
Women should talk to their doctors about their risk factors for heart disease and work together to develop a plan to reduce those risks. For women who have already been diagnosed with heart disease, treatment options include medications, such as aspirin, beta-blockers, and cholesterol-lowering drugs, and in some cases, surgery.
The Bottom Line
Heart disease is a serious health issue affecting women of all ages.
Knowing the risk factors and symptoms of heart disease and making lifestyle changes to reduce those risks can help women take control of their heart health and potentially prevent heart disease from developing.