Meditation has been hailed as a remedy for stress, anxiety, and a range of mental and physical health problems by countless experts, gurus, and practitioners.

However, a growing body of research suggests that meditation may not be suitable for everyone and, in some cases, may cause more harm than good.

What is meditation?

Meditation refers to a group of mind-body practices that aim to enhance relaxation, concentration, and overall well-being. The most popular forms of meditation include mindfulness, loving-kindness, and transcendental meditation.

All of these techniques involve focusing on the breath, body, or a mantra while allowing thoughts to come and go without judgment. Meditation is often used as a complementary therapy for conditions such as depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and high blood pressure.

The risks and potential downsides of meditation

Despite its popularity and numerous benefits, meditation is not without risks and potential downsides.

In fact, recent studies suggest that meditation can have negative effects on some people, particularly those with certain mental health conditions or personality traits.

Meditation and anxiety

One of the most concerning risks of meditation is that it can worsen anxiety symptoms in some people.

A study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology found that around one-third of participants experienced an increase in symptoms of anxiety after practicing mindfulness meditation. The researchers suggested that mindfulness meditation may be particularly difficult for individuals who struggle with negative thoughts and emotions, as it can bring these feelings to the forefront of the mind.

Meditation and addiction

Meditation has been touted as a tool for addiction recovery, but some experts warn that it may also be risky for individuals in recovery.

A study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology found that mindfulness meditation can increase feelings of craving in people with a history of addiction. The researchers speculated that meditation may trigger memories of drug use or alcohol consumption, making it more difficult for individuals to stay sober.

Meditation and psychosis

Another potential risk of meditation is that it can trigger or worsen psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions.

A study published in the British Journal of Psychiatry found that individuals with a history of psychotic disorder who practiced mindfulness meditation experienced an increase in psychotic symptoms compared to those who did not meditate. The researchers hypothesized that meditation may disrupt the sense of self and lead to an overactive “default mode network” in the brain, which could trigger psychotic symptoms.

Meditation and personality

Meditation has also been linked to changes in personality traits, with some research suggesting that it can make individuals more self-centered or even narcissistic.

A study published in the Journal of Personality found that individuals who practiced mindfulness meditation showed higher levels of “self-enhancement” or a tendency to promote themselves and their beliefs. The researchers suggested that meditation may lead to increased self-absorption and a focus on the self at the expense of others.

Meditation and boredom

Finally, meditation can also be incredibly boring and unfulfilling for some people, particularly those who are not naturally inclined to sit still and focus for extended periods of time.

In a blog post for Psychology Today, psychiatrist Neel Burton argued that meditation may be overhyped and unsuitable for individuals who thrive on variety and novelty. Burton suggested that people who enjoy challenge and stimulation may find more satisfaction in engaging in activities such as exercise, hobbies, or socializing, rather than sitting silently and focusing on the breath.

Who should not meditate?

Given the risks and potential downsides of meditation, it is important to consider who may not be suitable for this practice.

While meditation is generally safe for healthy individuals, it may not be appropriate for those with certain mental health conditions or personality traits. People who should exercise caution or avoid meditation altogether include:.

Individuals with a history of anxiety or panic attacks
People with a history of addiction or substance abuse
Individuals with a history of psychosis or schizophrenia
People with a history of narcissism or self-centeredness
People who have difficulty sitting still or focusing for extended periods of time

Conclusion

Meditation is not a panacea and may not be suitable for everyone, despite its popularity and purported benefits.

While it can be a useful tool for managing stress and improving mental and physical health, it can also have negative effects on some individuals, particularly those with certain mental health conditions or personality traits. Before starting a meditation practice, it is important to consider your own needs and limitations and seek guidance from a trained professional if necessary.