Skin cancer is a type of cancer that originates from the skin cells. It occurs when the skin cells undergo genetic mutations and multiply rapidly, forming malignant tumors.

There are several types of skin cancer, with the most common ones being basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

Causes and Risk Factors

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds is the primary cause of skin cancer. Other factors that increase the risk include:.

Fair skin, light-colored hair, and light-colored eyes
A history of sunburns, especially during childhood
A family history of skin cancer
Prolonged exposure to radiation
Having numerous moles or atypical moles
A weakened immune system

Symptoms and Detection

The symptoms of skin cancer vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Common signs to watch out for include:.

A new, unusual growth or skin lesion
A sore that does not heal
A mole that changes in size, shape, or color
Redness or inflammation in a specific area of the skin
Itching, tenderness, or pain in a particular spot

To detect skin cancer, it is important to regularly perform self-examinations of the skin and look out for any changes or abnormalities. Dermatologists also recommend annual full-body skin exams to detect early signs of skin cancer.

Treatment Options

The treatment options for skin cancer depend on factors such as the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. The common treatment modalities include:.

Surgical excision: Removal of the cancerous growth along with a margin of healthy tissue.
Mohs surgery: A specialized technique to remove skin cancer, layer by layer, until no cancer cells remain.
Cryosurgery: Freezing the cancer cells with liquid nitrogen.
Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
Radiation therapy: Using high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells.

Prevention

Prevention plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of skin cancer. Here are some preventive measures you can take:.

Limit your exposure to the sun during peak hours (10 am to 4 pm).
Wear protective clothing, such as wide-brimmed hats and long-sleeved shirts.
Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, and reapply every two hours.
Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps.
Regularly examine your skin and report any changes to a dermatologist.