Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The disease occurs when your body is unable to regulate blood sugar levels properly, leading to elevated levels of glucose in the blood.

This, in turn, can cause a range of health complications that can be both short- and long-term in nature. In this article, we’ll explore some of the most common health risks that diabetics face and what you can do to prevent or manage them.

1. Cardiovascular Disease

One of the most significant health risks associated with diabetes is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

When blood sugar levels are high over an extended period, it can damage the blood vessels and increase the risk of narrowing, blockages, or rupture of the arteries, leading to heart attacks and strokes. According to the American Heart Association, people with diabetes have a 2-4 times higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease than those without diabetes.

2. Kidney Damage (Nephropathy)

Another common complication of diabetes is kidney damage, also known as nephropathy. Elevated blood sugar levels can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste materials from the bloodstream.

Over time, this damage can lead to reduced kidney function or complete kidney failure. Regular blood pressure and blood glucose monitoring, along with early intervention and treatment, can help prevent or slow the progression of nephropathy in diabetics.

3. Nerve Damage (Neuropathy)

High blood sugar levels can also cause damage to the nerves throughout your body, leading to nerve damage or neuropathy. This damage can cause tingling, burning, or numbness in the hands and feet, as well as other parts of the body.

Severe or long-term neuropathy can result in the loss of sensation or function, leading to difficulty with coordination and mobility.

4. Eye Damage (Retinopathy)

Diabetes can also cause damage to the blood vessels in the retina, the part of the eye that detects light. This condition, known as retinopathy, can lead to blurry or impaired vision, or even blindness.

Regular eye exams and early intervention can help prevent or slow the progression of retinopathy in diabetics.

5. Foot Damage

Another area of the body commonly affected by diabetes is the feet. High blood sugar levels can cause damage to the nerves and blood vessels in the feet, leading to poor circulation, ulcers, and infections.

Regular foot exams and proper foot care can help prevent or manage these complications.

6. Skin Damage

Diabetics are also at an increased risk of developing skin conditions, such as bacterial or fungal infections. High blood sugar levels can cause damage to the skin’s natural protective barrier, making it more susceptible to infections.

Proper hygiene and skin care can help prevent or manage these conditions.

7. Dental Problems

High blood sugar levels can also increase the risk of gum disease and tooth decay in diabetics. Regular dental exams, proper oral hygiene, and blood glucose control can help prevent or manage these complications.

8. Depression and Anxiety

Diabetes can also increase the risk of depression and anxiety in those living with the disease. The burden of managing diabetes, as well as the physical and emotional toll of complications, can be overwhelming for some individuals.

Proper mental health care and support can help mitigate the risk of mental health problems in diabetics.

9. Increased Risk of Infections

High blood sugar levels can weaken the immune system, making diabetics more susceptible to infections. In particular, diabetics are at an increased risk of developing urinary tract infections, yeast infections, and skin infections.

Proper hygiene and blood glucose control can help prevent or manage these infections.

10. Pregnancy Complications

Finally, diabetes can also increase the risk of complications during pregnancy. Expectant mothers with diabetes are at an increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, and birth defects.

Proper preconception care and management during pregnancy can help reduce these risks.

Conclusion

Diabetes is a chronic disease that can lead to a range of health complications. However, with proper management and vigilance, many of these complications can be prevented or managed effectively.

Regular blood glucose and blood pressure monitoring, healthy lifestyle choices, and proper medical care and support can all help mitigate the risks associated with diabetes.