Coffee is a beverage that has been popular for centuries all over the world. Millions of people start their day with a cup of coffee. But, the effects of coffee on appetite are varied.
Some people feel less hungry after drinking coffee while some people get more cravings for food. What causes this difference in appetite? The answer lies in genetic influences. In this article, we will discuss how coffee can suppress or increase appetite and how genetics plays a role in this.
Why coffee can suppress appetite?
Caffeine is a common component in coffee that can help suppress appetite. Caffeine stimulates the nervous system, which can reduce food cravings and decrease the desire to eat.
Caffeine works by increasing levels of certain hormones such as adrenaline and dopamine which can help suppress appetite. A study published in the International Journal of Obesity found that consumption of caffeinated coffee can help reduce hunger and increase satiety.
Several studies have shown that caffeine can increase metabolic rate and thermogenesis which can help in weight loss. When you drink coffee, it stimulates the central nervous system, which can reduce food cravings and make you feel fuller for a longer time.
Why coffee can increase appetite?
Coffee can also increase appetite in some people. This is because coffee can stimulate the production of a hormone called Ghrelin. Ghrelin is a hormone that is produced in the stomach and regulates appetite.
When Ghrelin levels increase, it can stimulate hunger and increase food intake. A study published in Nutrition Journal found that coffee consumption can increase Ghrelin levels and cause an increase in appetite.
Decoding Genetic Influences
Several genetic factors play a role in how coffee affects appetite. A gene known as CYP1A2 determines how quickly your body metabolizes caffeine.
People who metabolize caffeine quickly may experience a greater appetite suppression effect because the caffeine concentration in the blood drops more rapidly. People who metabolize caffeine slowly may experience a milder effect on the appetite.
Studies have shown that those who carry the fast-metabolizing alleles of the CYP1A2 gene experience a greater reduction in appetite after consuming coffee in comparison to those who carry the slow-metabolizing alleles.
Another gene that plays a role in appetite and coffee consumption is FTO. The FTO gene is involved in regulating appetite and metabolism. A study published in Molecular Genetics and Metabolism found that individuals who carry the risk allele of the FTO gene have a higher appetite stimulation in response to caffeine consumption.
Conclusion
Coffee can either suppress or increase appetite depending on genetic variations. The caffeine in coffee can stimulate the nervous system and reduce appetite in some people.
At the same time, coffee can increase the production of Ghrelin which causes an increase in appetite in some people. The genetic influences of CYP1A2 and FTO genes determine how coffee affects appetite in individuals.