When it comes to protecting your skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen is an essential tool.

With the wide variety of sunscreens available in the market, it can be overwhelming to know which ones are best suited for your skin and offer maximum protection against UV rays. To help consumers make informed choices, the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) has provided guidelines for selecting sunscreens.

Understanding these guidelines is crucial for safeguarding your skin from sunburn, premature aging, and the risk of skin cancer.

1. Broad-Spectrum Sunscreens

The AAD recommends choosing sunscreens labeled as “broad-spectrum.” These sunscreens protect against both UVA and UVB rays. UVA rays are responsible for aging the skin, while UVB rays cause sunburn.

Both contribute to the development of skin cancer. When selecting a sunscreen, look for the words “broad-spectrum” on the packaging to ensure comprehensive protection.

2. Sun Protection Factor (SPF)

A sunscreen’s SPF indicates its level of protection against UVB rays. Higher SPF numbers provide greater protection from sunburn. The AAD recommends using sunscreens with an SPF of 30 or higher, as they block approximately 97% of UVB rays.

However, it’s important to note that no sunscreen can provide 100% protection, regardless of its SPF rating.

3. Water Resistance

If you plan to be in the water or engage in activities that cause sweating, it’s crucial to choose a water-resistant sunscreen. Water-resistant sunscreens adhere to the skin better and provide longer-lasting protection.

However, no sunscreen is completely waterproof or sweat-proof. Reapplication is necessary after swimming or excessive sweating.

4. Sunscreen Application

Proper application of sunscreen is vital to ensure its effectiveness. The AAD recommends applying a generous amount of sunscreen to cover all exposed areas of the body.

Most adults require approximately one ounce (equivalent to a shot glass) to achieve adequate coverage. Apply sunscreen 15 minutes before going outdoors and reapply every two hours, or more frequently if sweating or swimming.

5. Skin Sensitivities and Allergies

If you have sensitive skin or allergies, it’s essential to choose sunscreens that are hypoallergenic and free of irritants.

Look for sunscreens labeled as “fragrance-free” and “non-comedogenic” to minimize the risk of skin reactions. Conduct a patch test on a small area of skin before applying sunscreen to your entire body if you have a history of reactions or sensitivities to certain products.

6. Age and Special Considerations

Infants under six months of age should be kept out of direct sunlight. For children older than six months, it’s crucial to apply sunscreen regularly and protect their delicate skin with sun-protective clothing and shade.

Individuals with specific skin conditions, such as rosacea or eczema, should consult with a dermatologist to determine the most suitable sunscreen options.

7. Sunscreen and Makeup

If you wear makeup, choose a sunscreen that can be applied under or integrated with your foundation. Many cosmetic brands offer sunscreens with adequate protection levels.

Ensure that the sunscreen you select provides broad-spectrum protection and an appropriate SPF rating, irrespective of its application with makeup. Remember to reapply sunscreen throughout the day, even if you have makeup on.

8. Check Expiration Dates

Sunscreens have a limited shelf life. Expired sunscreen may lose its efficacy, providing inadequate protection. Always check the expiration date before using a sunscreen and discard any that have passed their expiration date.

9. Sunscreen and Vitamin D

Sunscreens effectively protect the skin from harmful UV rays, but they can also reduce the skin’s ability to produce vitamin D. Adequate sun exposure is essential for the body to synthesize vitamin D.

However, it’s important to strike a balance between protecting your skin and allowing sufficient sun exposure to maintain healthy vitamin D levels. If you have concerns about your vitamin D levels, consult with a healthcare provider.

10. Seek Shade and Use Protective Clothing

While sunscreen is crucial for protecting your skin, it should not be your only line of defense. Seek shade during the sun’s peak hours, typically between 10 am and 4 pm when UV rays are strongest.

Wear protective clothing, such as wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved shirts, to add an extra layer of sun protection.

By following these guidelines set forth by the American Academy of Dermatology, you can confidently select sunscreens that offer the best protection against the damaging effects of the sun.

Prioritize your skin’s health and remember that sun protection is a year-round necessity, regardless of the weather or season.