Eating is not a luxury or a privilege; it is a necessity. It is a basic human need that ensures our survival. However, eating disorders are becoming common, and people are not willing to have a conversation about them.
Eating disorders are mental conditions that cause irregular eating patterns and a distorted view of body weight and shape. Over time, the behavior can cause serious health problems for those who suffer.
What are Eating Disorders?
Eating disorders are a group of mental health conditions that cause a serious disturbance to a person’s everyday diet. They can be classified in different ways, but the most common forms are:.
Anorexia Nervosa
This disorder is characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted view of body shape and a refusal to eat because of that fear.
People with anorexia nervosa will control their food intake, sometimes severely restricting what they eat or adopting extreme exercise habits, leading to a BMI (Body Mass Index) of less than 17.5.
Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia is characterized by a cycle of binge eating followed by purging. People with bulimia will eat large amounts of food in a short time, then try to get rid of the calories by purging through vomiting, enemas, laxatives, or diuretics.
Binge Eating Disorder
People with binge eating disorder will eat large amounts of food in short periods and feel a loss of control while eating. They do not purge or exercise to burn off the calories after binge eating.
Causes of Eating Disorders
The causes of eating disorders are complex and varied, and it is difficult to pinpoint one specific cause. Eating disorders often occur in people with a history of depression or anxiety. Genetics may play a role as the condition often runs in families.
There are also social, cultural and environmental factors that contribute to the development of eating disorders. Some of these factors include:.
Misinformation about body weight and image
Living in a society that places too much emphasis on thinness and physical appearance can create anxiety about food and body weight.
People who do not meet the supposed physical standards may develop a distorted view of themselves, leading to eating disorders.
Familial and Social Pressures
Many people, particularly women, feel pressure to look a certain way. If people from your social circles or family have certain expectations you cannot meet, it can affect your self-esteem, leading to an unhealthy relationship with food and eating.
History of Trauma
People who have experienced physical, mental, or emotional trauma may develop eating disorders as a coping mechanism. Eating disorders can help them feel in control of their lives when other aspects are out of control.
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The Risks of Disordered Eating
Dangerous Effects of Eating Disorders
In the short term, eating disorders can cause immediate health problems, including dehydration, malnutrition, depression, anxiety, liver and kidney disease, osteoporosis, and cardiac arrest.
Due to extreme calorie restriction, people with anorexia often have a hormonal imbalance that affects the brain, leading to physical and emotional complications. In the long term, eating disorders can lead to:.
Anemia and Relating Conditions
Anemia is a condition where the blood does not have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen to the different organs and tissues in the body. People who suffer from anemia may also experience fatigue, weakness, and lack of energy.
Heart Problems and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Eating disorders are significant risk factors for heart and cardiovascular disease. Starving your body of food is one way to cause different heart issues.
Eating Disorders and Pregnancy
People with eating disorders who become pregnant may face several problems, including low birth weight, premature birth, and even miscarriage. Eating proper diets are essential to ensure a healthy pregnancy.
Treatment of Eating Disorders
Eating disorders are mental health conditions that require a team approach. Health professionals that may be involved in treatment include psychiatrists, psychologists, nutritionists, and social workers.
The primary goal of treatment for eating disorders is to restore a person’s health and help them regain control of their lives. Treatment may include:.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT is based on the idea that beliefs, feelings, and thoughts affect behaviors. This type of therapy helps people identify negative thoughts and behaviors and teaches them how to change them into positive behaviors.
Family-Based Treatment
Family-based treatment involves working with the entire family unit to help the person with an eating disorder. By involving families, the professionals can create a supportive environment that can help the person recover quicker.
Support Groups
Support groups provide opportunities for people with eating disorders to meet others who are going through similar situations. They also help people identify and change their negative beliefs and behaviors.
The Bottom Line
Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that require medical treatment. These conditions have dangerous health consequences that can affect the quality of a person’s life.
If you have noticed changes in your eating habits or other issues relating to food, talk to a mental health professional who can help you get to the root of any issues.
