Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is often associated with adults and old age. However, hypertension also affects children, and the incidence is on the rise.

The sad part is that hypertension in kids is a silent threat, and many parents are often unaware of their children’s condition. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and consequences of hypertension in children and how to manage and prevent it.

What is Hypertension?

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood against the walls of arteries as it flows through them. Hypertension is a condition where the blood pressure is consistently high.

It is usually measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is recorded as two numbers–systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts, while diastolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart is at rest.

According to the American Heart Association, a normal blood pressure reading in children is 90/60 mm HG or lower. A reading between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg is considered normal, while anything above 120/80 mmHg is considered high.

Causes of Hypertension in Kids

Just like in adults, there are several causes of hypertension in kids. These include:.

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• Obesity: Being overweight or obese can put a strain on the heart, leading to increased blood pressure.
• Poor diet: A diet high in salt and low in fruits and vegetables can increase blood pressure.
• Family history: Hypertension tends to run in families, so children with a family history of hypertension are at a higher risk.
• Anxiety and stress: Stressful situations such as exams, family conflicts, or bullying at school can increase blood pressure.
• Sleep apnea: Sleep apnea, a condition that causes a person to stop breathing momentarily during sleep, can raise blood pressure.
• Kidney problems: Some kidney problems can cause hypertension in children.
• Chronic illnesses: Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, congenital heart defects, and hormonal disorders can also cause hypertension in children.

Symptoms of Hypertension in Kids

The problem with hypertension is that it often does not present any symptoms. That’s why it is known as the silent killer. However, some children may experience the following symptoms:.

• Headaches: Frequent, severe headaches can be a sign of hypertension.
• Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or dizzy can also be a symptom.
• Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath can also be a sign.
• Chest pain: Chest pain or discomfort can also be a symptom of hypertension.
• Nosebleeds: Although nosebleeds are rare in hypertension, they can sometimes occur.
• Blurred vision: Blurred vision can also be a symptom of hypertension.

Consequences of Hypertension in Kids

Untreated hypertension in kids can lead to serious health problems such as:.

• Heart disease: Increased blood pressure puts a strain on the heart, increasing the risk of heart disease.
• Stroke: High blood pressure can lead to weakened blood vessels that can burst or block, leading to stroke.
• Kidney damage: Hypertension can cause damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney disease.
• Vision loss: Elevated blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in the eyes, leading to vision loss.
• Cognitive impairment: Hypertension can affect cognitive function, especially in older children.
• Sleep apnea: Hypertension can worsen sleep apnea, leading to poor sleep and other health problems.

Managing and Preventing Hypertension in Kids

The good news is that hypertension in kids can be managed and prevented. Here are some strategies:.

• Healthy diet: Encourage your child to eat a healthy diet that is high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Limit processed foods, sugary drinks, and foods high in salt and fat.
• Regular exercise: Encourage your child to engage in physical activity for at least one hour every day. This can include playing sports, riding a bike, or simply walking or running around the neighborhood.
• Maintain a healthy weight: Encourage your child to maintain a healthy weight by eating a healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity.
• Reduce stress: Help your child manage stress by encouraging them to engage in relaxing activities such as yoga, meditation, or listening to calming music.
• Monitor blood pressure: Make sure your child’s blood pressure is checked regularly, especially if they have any risk factors for hypertension.
• Treat underlying conditions: If your child has an underlying condition that is causing hypertension, make sure it is treated promptly.

Conclusion

Hypertension is a silent threat that affects many children, and the incidence is on the rise. The causes are numerous, ranging from obesity and poor diet to underlying medical conditions.

Although hypertension often presents no symptoms, it can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. To prevent and manage hypertension in kids, parents can encourage healthy habits such as regular exercise and a healthy diet, manage stress, and monitor blood pressure regularly.

With early detection and management, hypertension in kids can be prevented and controlled, leading to a healthier future.