Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Currently, there is no cure for AD and available treatments only serve to temporarily alleviate symptoms.

With an aging global population, the search for effective prevention strategies is more important than ever. One promising avenue of research is the use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) – commonly known as aspirin – to prevent the development and progression of AD.

What is Acetylsalicylic Acid?

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation. Its chemical structure closely resembles that of the natural hormone prostaglandin.

Like prostaglandins, ASA works by inhibiting the activity of enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX). COX enzymes are responsible for the production of prostaglandins, which cause inflammation, fever, and pain when released in the body. By blocking COX activity, ASA reduces inflammation, fever, and pain.

ASA and Alzheimer’s disease

Recent research has suggested that ASA may be effective in preventing the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

A number of studies have shown that regular use of ASA is associated with a lower risk of developing AD, as well as a reduction in the severity of symptoms in those who already have the disease.

How does ASA prevent AD?

The exact mechanism by which ASA prevents AD is still not fully understood. However, it is believed that ASA works by reducing the inflammation in the brain that is associated with the development and progression of the disease.

Reducing inflammation in the brain

Studies have shown that inflammation in the brain is a key factor in the development and progression of AD. The brain’s immune cells, known as microglia, become overactive and produce large amounts of inflammatory molecules called cytokines.

These cytokines can damage nerve cells and disrupt communication between cells in the brain. In addition, they can stimulate the production of amyloid-beta, a protein that accumulates in the brains of AD patients and is a hallmark of the disease.

ASA is believed to inhibit the activity of COX enzymes in the brain, which reduces the production of cytokines and other inflammatory molecules.

By reducing inflammation, ASA may help to protect nerve cells from damage and prevent the accumulation of amyloid-beta.

Reducing blood clots

Another way in which ASA may prevent AD is by reducing the formation of blood clots. Blood clots in the brain can lead to a reduced blood supply, which can damage nerve cells and contribute to the development of AD.

ASA works by inhibiting the activity of platelets, which are the cells that are responsible for the formation of blood clots.

Potential risks and side effects

While ASA has shown promise in the prevention of AD, it is important to note that there are potential risks and side effects associated with its use. Some people may experience gastrointestinal side effects such as stomach pain, nausea, and ulcers.

In addition, ASA can increase the risk of bleeding and should not be taken by those with bleeding disorders or those taking blood-thinning medications.

Conclusion

While there is still much to be learned about the use of acetylsalicylic acid in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, the evidence thus far is promising.

By reducing inflammation in the brain and potentially reducing the formation of blood clots, ASA may help to protect nerve cells from damage and prevent the development and progression of AD. However, anyone considering using ASA for AD prevention should speak with their healthcare provider first to weigh the potential benefits and risks.