Alzheimer’s disease is a significant global health issue affecting millions of people worldwide.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that there were 50 million people with dementia in 2020, and this number is expected to triple by 2050 if no cure is found.

The earlier Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed, the better the chances of managing symptoms and slowing down its progression. Currently, diagnosing the disease is based on symptoms, medical history, and a series of neurological and cognitive tests.

However, new research suggests that specific parts of the body can reveal insights into Alzheimer’s disease and the risk of developing it.

1. Eyes

Researchers found that changes in one’s eyes could be a potential way to predict Alzheimer’s risk. By examining the retina, doctors may be able to detect buildup of amyloid beta proteins, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease.

The accumulation of these proteins in the brain leads to the destruction of neurons and cognitive impairment.

In a study published in JAMA Ophthalmology, researchers found that people with amyloid beta deposits in their retinas were more likely to have the protein in their brains, a sign of Alzheimer’s disease.

This approach could support early diagnosis and the development of new therapies.

2. Mouth

Changes in the mouth could also be potential early indicators of Alzheimer’s disease.

A study published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease found that gum disease, also known as periodontitis, might increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Periodontitis occurs when bacteria in the mouth build up and cause inflammation in the gums, leading to tooth loss and other complications.

The researchers found that the bacteria linked to gum disease could travel from the mouth into the brain and increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

Other studies have suggested that people with periodontal disease may have a greater chance of developing cognitive impairment.

3. Nose

Alzheimer’s disease can affect a person’s sense of smell, or olfaction. Thus, changes in the way a person experiences smells could be a sign of the disease.

In a study published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, researchers found that people with Alzheimer’s disease experienced a significant decline in their sense of smell compared to people without the disease.

The study also suggested that olfactory changes could occur long before clinical signs of Alzheimer’s appear. The authors proposed a simple odor identification test as a potential tool for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease.

4. Blood

Blood tests could also provide critical insights into Alzheimer’s disease.

In a study published in JAMA Neurology, researchers found that abnormal levels of nerve cell damage and inflammation markers in the blood could be a sign of early Alzheimer’s disease.

The researchers found that people with Alzheimer’s disease had higher levels of the damage and inflammation markers in their blood compared to healthy individuals.

These biomarkers could help doctors diagnose the disease early and develop treatments to slow its progression.

5. Brain

Finally, changes in the brain itself are the most critical indicators of Alzheimer’s disease.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans, and cerebrospinal fluid tests are commonly used to detect Alzheimer’s disease.

Brain imaging scans can reveal the presence of amyloid beta protein buildup or other changes in the brain structure, which can help diagnose Alzheimer’s disease. However, these tests are expensive, invasive, and may not be accessible to everyone.

Furthermore, there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease at this time, and treatments only help ease symptoms.

Conclusion

In conclusion, various parts of the body can reveal insights into Alzheimer’s disease and the risk of developing it.

By examining changes in the eyes, mouth, nose, blood, and brain, doctors may be able to diagnose the disease earlier, develop new treatments, and slow down its progression.

While these tests may be more invasive or less accessible than other methods, early diagnosis can help patients and their families prepare for the future, seek out support and resources, and take advantage of treatments that prolong the quality of life.