Traditionally, colonoscopy has been the gold standard for detecting colon cancer. However, it is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure that requires substantial preparation and can have risks for serious complications.

Fortunately, there are alternative tests available that can also effectively detect colon cancer.

Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)

The fecal occult blood test is a relatively simple, non-invasive test that can be done at home. This test looks for microscopic amounts of blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of colon cancer.

FOBT has been proven to be a valuable tool in detecting cancer of the colon, as well as other related GI problems.

Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)

FIT is similar to FOBT but tests for blood proteins specific to colon cancer. FIT has been shown to be more accurate than FOBT and does not require dietary or medication changes beforehand.

Cologuard

Cologuard is a newer test that combines FOBT with the detection of DNA changes in cells that have been shed from the colon. Cologuard requires a prescription and must be done every three years.

This test is more sensitive in detecting colon cancer than FOBT and FIT.

Sigmoidoscopy

Sigmoidoscopy is a less invasive procedure that typically requires less preparation than colonoscopy. During sigmoidoscopy, a flexible scope is inserted into the rectum and lower colon.

This allows the doctor to view the rectum and lower sigmoid colon, which account for around a third of the total length of the colon. This test does not require general anesthesia, but it can miss upper colon cancers.

CT Colonography

A CT colonography, also known as a virtual colonography, is a non-invasive imaging test that uses special software to create detailed 3D images of the colon and rectum. A radiologist examines the images for any signs of cancer.

CT colonography is less invasive than colonoscopy, but requires a similar preparation and bowel cleansing. It can also miss flat or small polyps that can be seen with colonoscopy.

Double-Contrast Barium Enema

This traditional x-ray exam uses contrast material and air to create a detailed view of the colon. It is not typically recommended as a first-line test, because it can miss small polyps and growths. This test can also be uncomfortable for patients.

Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy uses a tiny camera enclosed in a pill-sized capsule to take pictures as it passes through the digestive tract.

This test is typically used to examine the small intestine, but newer versions of the capsule can also be used to visualize the colon. Capsule endoscopy is not as effective as other tests in detecting cancer, and it is not typically used as a first-line test.

Blood Test for Tumor Markers

Blood tests are not typically used alone to screen for colon cancer. However, certain tumor markers, such as CEA, can be elevated in people with colon cancer. These tests may be used to help monitor treatment or to check for cancer recurrence.

Conclusion

While colonoscopy remains the most effective way to screen for colon cancer, there are alternatives available for patients who cannot undergo the procedure or who prefer not to. Talk to your doctor about which test is right for you.