Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), commonly known as a stroke, is a sudden and drastic disruption of blood supply to the brain that results in brain damage.

As a result, the part of the brain that does not receive a sufficient blood supply stops working, and the patient experiences neurological symptoms such as weakness, confusion, numbness, difficulty speaking, etc. CVA can be classified into two main types: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.

Types of Stroke

Ischemic Stroke

An ischemic stroke is caused by a blood clot, which blocks an artery in the brain, reducing or stopping blood flow to the affected area. This type of stroke is the most common, accounting for about 85% of all strokes.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, leading to bleeding in the brain. The blood irritates the brain tissues and causes damage due to the pressure it exerts.

This type of stroke is less common but more severe and has a higher mortality rate.

Risk Factors for Stroke

Several factors make an individual more susceptible to stroke. These are:.

High blood pressure or hypertension
Heart disease
Smoking
Diabetes
High cholesterol levels
Family history of stroke
Excessive alcohol intake
Obesity
Physical inactivity
Age over 55

Signs and Symptoms of Stroke

The symptoms of a stroke can differ depending on the severity of the brain damage and the part of the brain affected. Common signs and symptoms include:.

Numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, often on one side of the body
Confusion
Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
Loss of balance or coordination
Severe headache
Blurred vision or loss of vision in one or both eyes

It is essential to remember that if a person is experiencing any of these symptoms, they should seek immediate medical attention as time is critical in treating stroke, and the longer the brain lacks oxygenated blood, the more severe the damage.

Treatment of Stroke

The treatment for stroke depends on the type and severity of the stroke. Treatment options include:.

Medications, such as Aspirin, to prevent or dissolve blood clots in the brain (for ischemic stroke)
Surgery to remove blood clots or repair bleeding vessels (for hemorrhagic stroke)
Rehabilitation therapy, including physical therapy, occupational therapy or speech therapy, to help recover lost function and improve quality of life

Preventing Stroke

There are several measures an individual can take to reduce the risk of stroke:.

Controlling high blood pressure or hypertension
Maintaining a healthy diet and weight
Getting enough exercise
Not smoking
Avoiding excessive alcohol intake
Controlling diabetes
Managing stress levels

The Bottom Line

Stroke is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Understanding the warning signs, risk factors, and preventative measures can lower the risk of stroke and help improve survival rates.