Colon cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the large intestine (colon). It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.

Although colon cancer can affect anyone, there are certain groups of people who are at a higher risk of developing this type of cancer. Understanding who is at risk of colon cancer can help individuals take steps to reduce their risk and detect the disease early.

What is Colon Cancer?

Colon cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the colon (the large intestine). The colon is the final part of the digestive system, responsible for removing water from solid waste before it is eliminated from the body.

Colon cancer typically begins as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called adenomatous polyps. Over time, these polyps can become cancerous (malignant) and spread to other parts of the body.

Who is at Risk of Colon Cancer?

There are several risk factors that increase a person’s likelihood of developing colon cancer. Some of the main risk groups include:.

Age

Age is one of the biggest risk factors for colon cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, more than 90% of colon cancer cases occur in people over the age of 50.

Of course, that doesn’t mean that younger people are completely safe from the disease. However, the risk of developing colon cancer increases as people get older.

Personal History of Colon Polyps or Colon Cancer

Individuals who have previously been diagnosed with colon polyps or colon cancer are at a higher risk of developing the disease in the future.

This is because the presence of polyps or cancerous cells in the colon may indicate a genetic or lifestyle susceptibility to the disease.

Family History of Colon Cancer

Individuals with close relatives (parents, siblings, or children) who have had colon cancer are also at an increased risk of developing the disease themselves.

This is because colon cancer can have a genetic component and may be passed down through families.

Hereditary Syndromes

There are several hereditary syndromes that increase a person’s risk of developing colon cancer. These include Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).

Lynch syndrome is caused by inherited mutations in certain genes, which can increase the risk of colon and other types of cancer. FAP, on the other hand, is a rare condition that causes thousands of polyps to grow in the colon and can lead to colon cancer if not treated.

Race and Ethnicity

Studies have shown that African Americans are at a higher risk of colon cancer than people of other races. The reasons for this are not entirely clear, but may include differences in diet, lifestyle, and genetic factors.

People of Ashkenazi Jewish descent are also at an increased risk of colon cancer due to a high prevalence of Lynch syndrome in this population.

Diet and Lifestyle Factors

Although genetics play a role in the development of colon cancer, lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise can also have a significant impact on a person’s risk.

A diet high in red and processed meats, as well as a lack of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, has been linked to a higher risk of colon cancer. Being overweight or obese, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption are also risk factors for the disease.

Medical Conditions

Some medical conditions can increase a person’s risk of developing colon cancer. These include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

People with IBD have chronic inflammation in the lining of the colon, which can increase the risk of developing cancer. Other conditions that increase the risk of colon cancer include type 2 diabetes and a history of ovarian or breast cancer.

Symptoms of Colon Cancer

Colon cancer can often be asymptomatic in its early stages, which is why screening is so important. However, as the disease progresses, individuals may experience symptoms such as:.

Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrow stools
Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
Abdominal pain or cramping
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue or weakness

Conclusion

Colon cancer is a serious disease that can affect anyone, but there are certain groups of people who are at a higher risk.

Understanding these risk factors can help individuals take steps to reduce their risk and detect the disease early when it is most treatable. If you experience any symptoms of colon cancer or are at risk due to personal or family history, talk to your doctor about appropriate screening and preventive measures.