Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), commonly referred to as autism, is a developmental disability characterized by social, communication, behavioral, and cognitive impairments.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 1 in 54 children in the United States is diagnosed with ASD. Early detection of autism in newborns can lead to early intervention and improved outcomes. Here are some ways to detect autism as early as possible.
Genetic Screening
Researchers have identified various genes linked to autism. Through genetic testing, parents can determine the likelihood of their child developing autism.
While genetic screening cannot diagnose autism, it can provide valuable information about the child’s risk for developing the disorder. Genetic testing can help parents in early intervention planning before significant symptoms present in their children.
Observing Infant Behaviors
Observing an infant’s behaviors is an effective way to detect autism at an early stage. Infants with autism often show the following behavioral signs:.
- No babbling or cooing sounds by 12 months
- No gesturing, such as pointing or waving by 12 months
- No single words by 16 months
- No two-word phrases by 24 months
- Lack of a social smile (including in response to parents) by six months
- Doesn’t respond to their name
- No eye contact or very little eye contact
A pediatrician or health care provider may observe these behaviors during regular well-check visits. If they do not or have any other concerns, they may refer an infant for additional testing.
Screening Tests
A screening test aims to identify individuals at high risk of having a certain condition. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) is a widely used screening tool for detecting autism in toddlers, ranging from 16 to 30 months of age.
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Identifying Autism in Infants
Studies suggest that M-CHAT identifies approximately 80% of children who have autism and scores lower than 50% on the M-CHAT indicate a high risk of autism.
Brain Scans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) scans are non-invasive methods that enable doctors to observe the structure and functions of the brain.
Studies have shown that differences in brain scans can indicate autism in infants at an early age. However, these scans are costly and not yet widespread as a screening tool for autism.
Early Intervention for Autism
Early intervention for autism aims to address developmental delays and reduce the impact of autism symptoms on the child and their family. Early intervention is critical to ensure the best possible outcome for the child.
Some of the effective early interventions include:.
- A structured teaching approach called Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) that focuses on teaching communication, social, and behavioral skills
- Speech, physical, and occupational therapy to improve communication skills, motor development, and daily living skills
- Parent education and training to facilitate early social, emotional and communication development
- Specialized diets and nutrition support to handle behavioral and gastrointestinal disorders
Conclusion
Autism is a lifelong developmental disorder that significantly affects a child’s communication, social, and behavioral skills. Early detection of autism in newborns and early intervention can significantly improve outcomes for children with ASD.
Genotyping analysis, observation of infant behaviors, screening tools, and brain scans are the early detection methods available for autism identification. Every parent should watch out for indications of autism in their child and immediately consult a doctor if any unusual behavior is noticed.
