Cholesterol plays a vital role in the human body. It helps to form cell walls, hormones, and aids in digestion.

However, excessive cholesterol in the body can be hazardous to health, leading to diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. High cholesterol, or hypercholesterolemia, is prevalent in many parts of the world and can be inherited from parents. In this article, we will discuss the risks of inherited high cholesterol and the remedies available to manage it.

What is High Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that our bodies produce naturally. However, excessive cholesterol levels in the blood can lead to the buildup of plaque on arterial walls, causing blockages and narrowing of blood vessels.

This can limit the flow of blood to the heart and brain, leading to heart attacks and strokes.

High cholesterol is caused by several factors such as genetics, diet, and lifestyle. Inherited high cholesterol, also called familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), is caused by a defect in the genes that control cholesterol metabolism.

FH affects about one in 500 people worldwide and can raise cholesterol levels to two to three times the normal range.

Inherited Risks of High Cholesterol

Inherited high cholesterol is a severe condition that can lead to early-onset heart disease in some individuals. Those with FH are more susceptible to heart attacks, angina, and strokes.

Additionally, FH can cause the buildup of fatty deposits under the skin, leading to bumps called xanthomas and yellowish discoloration around the eyes.

Research has shown that those with FH have a higher risk of developing heart disease than a person without the condition.

Studies have also revealed that those with FH may develop heart disease earlier in life and are at a greater risk of having a heart attack. Individuals with FH who smoke cigarettes increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases even more.

Diagnosing Inherited High Cholesterol

Inherited high cholesterol is usually diagnosed based on family history and blood tests. If there is a history of FH in the family, a person may undergo genetic testing to determine if they have inherited the condition.

Blood tests are used to detect cholesterol levels, including LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. A lipid profile is a blood test that provides a comprehensive assessment of cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

It is crucial to detect FH early because it increases the risk of heart disease significantly, and early treatment may reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Statins are the most common medication used to treat inherited high cholesterol, but lifestyle changes can also help.

Treating Inherited High Cholesterol

The primary goal of treating inherited high cholesterol is to reduce the risk of heart disease. The following remedies can help to manage and reduce cholesterol levels in the blood.

Dietary Changes

A balanced diet is crucial for managing high blood cholesterol levels. Foods that are high in saturated and trans fats such as red meat, full-fat dairy products, fried foods, and processed foods should be avoided.

Increasing fiber intake by consuming whole grains, fruits, and vegetables can help to lower cholesterol levels. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish such as salmon, mackerel, and herring can help to reduce triglyceride levels. Limiting alcohol intake can also help manage cholesterol levels.

Exercise

Regular physical activity can help to reduce cholesterol levels and improve overall health. Exercise increases HDL cholesterol, which helps to remove LDL cholesterol from the body.

At least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per day, such as walking, jogging, or swimming, is recommended.

Medication

Statins are the most common medication used to lower cholesterol levels in those with FH. Statins work by blocking an enzyme that produces cholesterol in the liver.

Other medications may also be prescribed by a healthcare provider, such as ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrants, or PCSK9 inhibitors. Discussing medication options with a doctor is essential for the safe and effective management of inherited high cholesterol.

Monitoring Cholesterol Levels

It is crucial to monitor cholesterol levels regularly to detect any changes in cholesterol levels and ensure that treatment is effective. A lipid profile should be conducted at least every four to six months to check cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

If cholesterol levels remain high, a physician may adjust medication or suggest lifestyle changes.

Conclusion

High cholesterol is a common medical condition that affects millions worldwide. Inherited high cholesterol, or FH, can lead to early-onset heart disease. It is crucial to detect FH early to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Lifestyle changes such as dietary changes, exercise, and medication can help to manage and reduce cholesterol levels. It is important to monitor cholesterol levels regularly to ensure that treatment is effective.

By taking proactive steps to manage inherited high cholesterol, individuals can reduce the risk of heart disease and improve their overall health and well-being.